Page 10 - IAV Digital Magazine #405

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Self-Driving Cars May One Day Face Decision of Who To Save, Kill
By Dr. Maryam Jahdi
Would you get into an automated self-driving vehicle, knowing that in the event of an accident, it might sacrifice your life if it meant saving the lives of 10 other people?
Autonomous vehicles (AVs), also known as self-driving vehicles, are already a reality. Initial guidelines from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration regarding this technolo- gy are expected by this summer, and road tests are currently in progress across the country.
But one barrier to the widespread use of autonomous vehicles is deciding how to program these vehicles' safety rules in the most socially acceptable and ethical way.
After a six-month survey, an international team of researchers published their findings today in the journal Science and found the public has a conflicted view about the future of self-driving technology.
Scientists used Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform, an online marketplace where peo- ple are asked to conduct human intelligence tasks computers aren't yet able to do.
Over the course of six months, researchers conducted six online surveys, with 1,928 par-
ticipants total, asking people to evaluate the morality of several differ- ent situations a self-driv- ing vehicle may one day encounter.
One survey found that 76 percent of partici- pants felt it would be more moral to sacrifice the life of one passenger than to kill 10 pedestri- ans. People still upheld the utilitarian view, which is to maximize the num- ber of lives saved, even when asked to consider that their family mem- bers were present in the car.
While most were in favor of an outcome saving the most lives, survey results also indicated that participants would be less likely to pur- chase a car that fol- lowed this principle, with people instead preferring a car that would be
more protective of them- selves and their families.
They also expressed reluctance to accept governmental regulation of self-driving vehicles. The researchers call this situation, in which condi- tions could be made less safe for everyone by individuals acting in their own self-interest, a "social dilemma."
"You can recognize the feeling; the feeling that I want other people to do something but it would be great not to do it myself," Jean-Francois Bonnefon, co-author of the study, said during a teleconference with reporters.
The authors of this study note that the benefits of autonomous vehicles are numerous and include significantly elim- inating the number of traffic accidents that occur each year, reduc- ing pollution, increasing traffic efficiency, and enabling the elderly and
disabled to move around more easily.
"Autonomous cars have the potential to revolu- tionize transportation, eliminate the majority of deaths on the road," Iyad Rahwan, another author of the study, said during the teleconfer- ence. "That is over one million global deaths annually. But as we work on making the technolo- gy safer, we need to rec- ognize the psychological and social challenges."
Curious to further explore some of the potential situations that may arise with an AV? The Scalable Cooperation group at the MIT Media Lab has created a game which allows users to interac- tively explore the types of decisions these cars will be programmed to make.
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