Page 18 - iAV Digital Magazine #417

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Researchers "Translate" Bat Talk. Turns Out, They Argue - A Lot
Plenty of animals com- municate with one anoth- er, at least in a general way—wolves howl to each other, birds sing and dance to attract mates and big cats mark their territory with urine. But researchers at Tel Aviv University recently discovered that when at least one species com- municates, it gets very specific. Egyptian fruit bats, it turns out, aren’t just making high pitched squeals when they gath- er together in their roosts. They’re commu- nicating specific prob- lems, reports Bob Yirka at Phys.org.
According to Ramin Skibba at Nature, neu- roecologist Yossi Yovel and his colleagues recorded a group of 22 Egyptian fruit bats, Rousettus aegyptiacus, for 75 days. Using a modified machine learn- ing algorithm originally designed for recognizing human voices, they fed 15,000 calls into the soft- ware. They then ana- lyzed the corresponding video to see if they could match the calls to certain activities.
They found that the bat noises are not just ran- dom, as previously thought, reports Skibba. They were able to classi- fy 60 percent of the calls into four categories. One of the call types indi- cates the bats are argu- ing about food. Another indicates a dispute about their positions within the sleeping cluster. A third
call is reserved for males making unwanted mating advances and the fourth happens when a bat argues with another bat sitting too close. In fact, the bats make slightly different versions of the calls when speaking to different individuals with- in the group, similar to a human using a different tone of voice when talk- ing to different people. Skibba points out that besides humans, only dolphins and a handful of other species are known to address indi- viduals rather than mak- ing broad communication sounds. The research appears in the journal Scientific Reports.
“We have shown that a big bulk of bat vocaliza-
tions that previously were thought to all mean the same thing, some- thing like ‘get out of here!’ actually contain a lot of information,” Yovel tells Nicola Davis at The Guardian. By looking even more carefully at stresses and patterns, Yovel says, researchers may be able to tease out even more subtleties in the bat calls.
This isn't the end of the research, Yirka reports. Yovel and his team want to investigate whether bats are born knowing this “language” or if they learn it over time while living in their colonies. They also want to know if the bats use similar communication outside the roost. To
understand that, they will attach microphones to some bats and release them into the wild.
Kate Jones, professor of ecology and biodiversity at University College, London, tells Davis that the research is very interesting. “It is like a Rosetta stone to getting into [the bats’] social behaviors. I really like the fact that they have managed to decode some of this vocalization and there is much more information in these sig- nals than we thought,” she says. She says that it might even be possible to use similar techniques to begin understanding nuanced communica- tions in other species as well.
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