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Table of Contents

  • driving commercial vehicles cover

  • What to take to the driver licensing office

  • TOC

  • introduction

    • Using this guide

      • Inside this guide

      • Licence study chart

  • 01: getting your driver’s licence

    • Licence classes

    • Medical fitness

    • Air brake endorsement

      • How to apply for an air brake endorsement

      • How to apply for a Class 1, 2, 3 or 4 driver’s licence

      • How to apply for a heavy trailer endorsement

    • Knowledge tests

    • Road testing

      • Pre-trip inspection test

      • Road test

      • Road test vehicles

    • Strategies to ensure your vehicle is safe

      • Retest

    • Commercial driver training

      • Air brake courses

    • Keeping your licence

    • Review questions

    • Commercial driver medical examination processing fee

    • Upgrading your commercial licence

    • Downgrading to a non-commercial licence

    • Downgrading to a lower commercial licence class

    • Vision

  • 02: heavy vehicle braking

    • What you’ll learn

    • Starting and stopping

    • Power to move and power to stop

      • Stopping distance and stopping time

      • Speed and weight facts

      • How much heat can brakes handle?

      • Retarders

        • Using retarders

    • Braking

      • Icy roads

      • Downgrades

        • On highways

        • In town

      • Water on roadways

      • Runaway lanes

      • Combination unit braking

      • Anti-lock braking systems

      • Automatic traction control

    • Review questions

  • 03: basic driving skills

    • Sharing the road

      • Following distance

        • Taxi, limousine, ambulance or van

        • Bus, truck or other heavy vehicle

      • Traffic flow

        • Driving faster than the flow

        • Driving slower than the flow

    • Tailgaters

    • Construction zones

    • Danger zones

    • Manoeuvring

      • Steering into turns

      • Wheel positions during turns

        • Turning radius

        • Off track

      • Curves and turns

        • Curves

        • Negotiating narrow bridges

        • Turning right

        • Sharp right turns

        • Turning left

      • Traffic circles and roundabouts

        • Traffic circles

        • Roundabouts

      • Backing up

        • Backing up with a guide

        • Backing up without a guide

    • Seeing and being seen

      • Using your mirrors

      • Looking ahead

      • Which lane should you use?

      • Lane use

      • Emergency vehicles

      • Stopped vehicles with flashing lights

    • Shifting gears

      • Knowing how to shift gears

        • Double-clutching

      • Knowing when to shift gears

      • Shifting skills

        • Shifting gasoline-powered (not governed) engines

        • Shifting gasoline- or diesel-powered governed engines

        • Multi-speed rear axles and auxiliary transmissions

        • Entering curves

    • Passing and being passed

      • Passing

      • Being passed

    • Parking

    • Crossings

      • Intersections

      • Alleys, lanes and side roads

      • Railway crossings

        • Controlled and uncontrolled crossings

        • Crossing in a large vehicle

    • Acts of nature

      • Animals on the road

      • Weather conditions

      • Night driving

    • Vehicle safety

      • Tires and wheels

        • Tire pressure

        • Tire wear

        • Tire condition

    • Tire problems

      • Disk wheel problems

        • Cast spoke wheel problems

      • Brake failure warning devices

      • Braking systems

      • Flashing lights

      • Disabled vehicles

    • Personal safety

      • Carbon monoxide poisoning

      • Seatbelts

        • Airbags and head restraints

      • Cellphones and other devices

      • Impairment

        • Criminal Code penalties

        • Other costs of impaired driving

        • Vehicle impoundment

        • Prescribed and over-the-counter drugs

        • Fatigue

        • Emotions

      • Fire

        • Firefighting

        • Fire extinguishers

    • Vehicles required to carry fire extinguishers

  • 04: fuel-efficient driving

    • Fuel efficiency — a growing priority

      • Making smart choices

    • Smart driving practices

    • Starting

    • Preparation and planning

      • Fuel

      • Route planning

      • Dealing with the weather

    • Smart driving techniques

      • Start out easy

      • Choose the right gear

      • Ease off the throttle

      • Use see-think-do

      • Road and traffic conditions

        • Reduce idling

    • Maintaining your vehicle

    • Choosing a fuel-efficient vehicle

      • Choose the right truck

        • Look for aerodynamic features

        • Tire choice

        • Accessories

    • Review questions

  • 05: skills for driving trucks and trailers

    • Driving with a trailer

      • Backing up

    • Parking

    • Towing doubles

    • Towing trailers

    • Preparing to tow

      • Coupling and uncoupling

        • Coupling with a fifth wheel

        • Uncoupling units

      • Other types of connections

        • Coupling with a pintle hitch

        • Uncoupling pintle hitch units

    • Loading

      • Loading cargo

        • Arranging and distributing loads

      • Securing cargo

      • General cargo securement requirements

        • General requirements for tiedowns

        • Number of tiedowns

        • Strength of tiedowns

        • Determining working load limit

        • Chain connector links

        • Front-end structures

        • Load projections

      • Specific cargo types

        • Logs

        • Building products

        • Metal coils

        • Paper rolls

        • Concrete pipe

        • Intermodal containers

        • Vehicles as cargo

        • Roll-on/roll-off and hook-lift containers

        • Boulders

        • Livestock

        • Hanging meat

        • Liquid or dry bulk tank loads

      • Transporting dangerous goods

      • Vehicle and load dimensions

        • Height

        • Width

        • Length

        • Weight

      • Oversize and overload permits

        • Overload permits

        • Oversize permits

        • Pilot cars

        • Signs

        • Distance from oversize vehicle

    • Reporting to weigh scales

      • Fixed weigh scales

      • Portable weigh scales

    • Review questions

    • Swerving and whipping

  • 06: skills for driving buses, taxis, limousines and ride-hailing vehicles

    • What you’ll learn

    • Passenger safety

    • Manoeuvring

      • Leaving the curb

      • Bus right-of-way

      • Passing parked cars

    • Operating a bus, taxi, limousine or ride-hailing vehicle

      • Taking on and letting off passengers

      • Smoking

      • Focus on driving

      • Standing passengers

      • Refusing to transport passengers

      • Let-down or jump seats

      • Transporting people with disabilities

      • Chauffeur’s permit

      • Inside lights

      • Vehicle cleanliness

      • Vehicle inspection

      • Emergency equipment and exits

      • Defects and breakdowns

      • Fuelling

      • Baggage

      • Smoking and using alcoholic beverages

      • Reporting a defect or deficiency

    • Operating a school bus

      • Unfit vehicles

      • Rental buses

      • Brake maintenance

      • Mechanical defects

      • Refuelling

      • Emergency equipment and exits

      • School bus signs

      • Exterior mirrors

      • Passengers must be seated

      • Cleanliness

      • Taking on and letting off passengers

    • Operating emergency vehicles

      • Review questions

  • 07: hours of service requirements

    • National Safety Code

    • Hours of service

      • On-duty time

      • Off-duty time

      • Day

    • Daily limits — a simple three-point check for compliance

      • Work shift

      • Daily hours (cycles)

    • Driver has ‘deferred’ two hours from Day 1 to Day 2

      • Deferring off-duty time

      • Reset provision

      • Sleeper berth

      • Personal use exemption

    • Logbooks

      • Sample logbook

      • Drivers operating within 160 km of home terminal

    • Other jurisdictions

      • Driving north of the 60th parallel

      • Driving into the U.S.

    • Review questions

  • 08: air brakes

    • Why air brakes?

      • What’s compressed air?

    • Basic air brake components

    • Force multipliers

    • Air brake chamber components

      • Leverage and air pressure

      • Long stroke and regular stroke brake chambers

      • Air brake chamber — air pressure applied

      • Foundation brakes: s-cam type

    • Compressor

      • Intake stroke

      • Compression stroke

    • Governor

    • Reservoirs

    • Foot valve

    • How air brakes work

      • Brakes applied

      • Brakes released

    • Dual air brake systems

    • Components of a dual air brake system

      • Supply, primary and secondary reservoirs

      • One-way check valve

      • Reservoir pressure gauges

      • Low-air warning device

      • Quick release valve

      • Relay valve

    • Dual system with primary system failure

    • Parking brakes

    • Spring parking brakes

      • Applying and releasing spring parking brakes

        • Spring parking brake — released

        • Spring parking brake — service brake applied

        • Spring parking brake — spring brake applied

      • Driver alert — compounding of brakes

        • Spring parking brake — manual release

      • Spring parking brakes in dual air brake systems

        • Blended air

        • Dual air brake system — partial system failure

    • Safety actuator parking brakes

    • Tractor-trailer air brake systems

      • Tractor protection

        • Trailer air supply valve

        • Hand valve

        • Two-way check valve

      • Bobtail tractors

      • Dual air tractor-trailer system — foot valve applied

        • Dual tractor-trailer system — primary air system failure

        • Dual tractor-trailer system — trailer breakaway

      • Other types of foundation brakes

        • Wedge brakes

        • Air disc brakes

        • Air-over-hydraulic brakes

    • Trailer with relay emergency valve — charging

      • Trailer with relay emergency valve — applying

      • Trailer with relay emergency valve — dynamited

      • Trailer with spring parking brakes — charging

      • Trailer with spring parking brakes — service brake application

      • Trailer with spring parking brakes — dynamited

    • Other air brake system components

      • Air dryers

      • Alcohol evaporators and alcohol injectors

      • Automatic drain valves

      • Front wheel limiting systems

        • Automatic front wheel limiting systems

        • Manual front wheel limiting systems

      • Spring parking brake emergency release system

      • Pressure-protection valves

      • Application pressure gauges

    • Anti-lock braking systems

      • Trailer ABS air brake systems

    • Review questions

  • 09: air brake adjustment

    • What you’ll learn

    • Brake adjustment — it’s critical

      • Brake adjustment — it’s the law

      • S-cam brake — released

      • S-cam brake — applied

      • S-cam brake — incorrectly adjusted and cold brake drum

      • S-cam brake — incorrectly adjusted and hot brake drum

    • Checking and adjusting s-cam brakes — manual slack adjuster

      • Applied stroke method (service brake application)

      • Pry method of free stroke measurement

      • Brake adjustment indicators

    • Brake adjustment — manual slack adjuster

      • Adjustment

    • S-cam brakes — automatic slack adjuster

    • Checking and adjusting automatic slack adjusters

      • Slack adjusters with hexagonal adjusting bolts

        • Slack adjusters with square adjusting bolts

    • Air brake adjustment myths

    • Review questions

  • 10: vehicle and air brake pre-trip inspections

    • What you’ll learn

    • You’re responsible

    • Vehicle condition

      • Cargo securement

      • Written report requirements

    • Pre-trip inspection report for your road test

    • Conducting a pre-trip inspection

      • Before you begin

      • Tractor-trailer combination pre-trip inspection — Class 1

        • 1. Under hood

        • 2. In cab

        • 3. Air brake system test

        • 4. Circle check for lights

        • 5. Mechanical circle check

        • 6. Brake response, tug and steering wheel slack tests

      • Single unit truck pre-trip inspection — Class 3

        • 1. Under hood

        • 2. In cab

        • 3. Air brake system test

        • 4. Circle check for lights

        • 5. Mechanical circle check

        • 6. Brake response, tug and steering wheel slack tests

      • Bus pre-trip inspection — Class 2 or Class 4 (unrestricted)

        • 1. Engine compartment

        • 2. In cab

        • 3. Circle check

        • 4. Passenger compartment check

        • 5. Brake response, tug and steering wheel slack tests

      • Passenger vehicle pre-trip inspection — Class 4 (restricted)

        • 1. Under hood

        • 2. In passenger compartment

        • Start engine, check the following:

        • 3. Circle check

        • 4. Brake response tests

    • Pre-hill inspections

      • In-service brake checks

      • En route inspections

      • Post-trip inspections

      • Lights and reflectors

    • Review questions

  • 11: signs, signals and road markings

    • Signs

      • Regulatory signs

      • School, playground and crosswalk signs

      • Lane use signs

      • Turn control signs

      • Parking signs

      • Reserved lane signs

      • Warning signs

      • Object markers

      • Construction signs

      • Information and destination signs

      • Railway signs

    • Signals

      • Lane control signals

      • Traffic lights

    • Road markings

      • Yellow lines

      • White lines

      • Reserved lane markings

      • Other markings

    • Review questions

  • 12: industrial roads

    • What you’ll learn

    • Industrial air brake endorsement

      • How to apply for an industrial air brake endorsement

    • Driver’s duty to inspect vehicles

      • Reporting defects

    • Brakes

      • Brake test

      • Water cooled brakes

      • Parking

    • Driving on industrial roads

      • Speed

      • Right-of-way

      • Warning signals

      • Railway crossings

      • Safety tips

      • Highway crossing permits

    • Review questions

  • 13: for more information

    • Dangerous goods

      • In case of an emergency

      • Federal contacts

        • Canadian Transport Emergency Centre (CANUTEC)

        • Transport Canada

      • Environment Canada

      • Commercial vehicle information

        • Commercial vehicle safety and enforcement

        • Report commercial vehicle safety violations

      • Commercial vehicle permit line

      • Dangerous goods inspectors

        • Dangerous goods head office

        • Metro Vancouver/Fraser Valley

        • Interior

        • Northern Region

    • Passenger transportation branch

    • Booking road tests and licensing information

    • Medical qualifications

    • More information

      • ICBC Prorate

      • ICBC Tip Line

    • Acts and regulations

      • National Safety Code

        • Other acts and regulations

    • Travel information

      • Road reports (B.C.)

        • Weather

        • Travelling into the U.S.

        • Canada Customs

        • B.C. Ferries

        • Tourism B.C.

    • Reporting forest fires

    • TaxiHost

    • Metric conversion table

    • Index

    • Examiners’ tips for passing the Class 1, 2, 3 and 4 road tests

  • Index

  • Examiners' tips for passing

  • Identification (ID)

  • Visit icbc.com to

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