Page 502 - Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Language

Key Figures
schichte eines aktuellen Kategoriensystems (adiecto- detractio-transmutatio-immutatio). Historiographia Lin- guistica 13: 191-214
Baratin M 1978 Sur 1'absence de 1'expression des notions de sujet et de predicat, etc. In: Collart J (ed.)
Baratin M, Desbordes F 1986 La Troisieme partie' de I'ars grammatica. Historiographia Linguistica 13: 215- 40
Barwick K 1957 Probleme der Stoischen Sprachlehre und Rhetorik. ASAW 49(3)
Collart J (ed.) 1978 Varron, grammaire antique et stylistique latine. Les Belles Lettres, Paris
De Mauro T 1965 II nome del dativo e la teoria dei casi greci. Atti della accademia nazionale dei lincei,serie ottava, rendiconti,classediscientimorali,storicheefilologiche 20: 151-211
Desbordes F 1983 Le schema 'addition, soustraction, mutation, metathese' dans les textes anciens. Histoire- Epistemologie-Langage 5: 23-30
Donnet D 1967 La place de la syntaxe dans les traites de grammaire grecque, des engines au XII siecle. L'Antiquite Classique 36: 22-48
Egli U 1970 Zwei AufsStze zum Vergleich der stoischen Spra- chtheorie mit modernen Theorien. Arbeitspapier Nr. 2, Universitat Bern, Institut fur Sprachwissenschaft
Egli U 1986 Stoic syntax and semantics. Historiographia Linguistica 13: 281-306
Frede M 1978 Principles of Stoic grammar. In: Rist J M (ed.) Gentinetta P M 1961 Zur Sprachbetrachtung bei den Soph- isten und in der stoisch-hellenistischen Zeit. P G Keller,
W interthur
Householder F W 1989 Review article on Taylor 1987. His-
toriographia Linguistica16: 131-48
Roller H 1958 Die Aniange der griechischen Grammatik.
Glotta 37:
Pfeiffer R 1968 History of Classical Scholarship. Clarendon Press, Oxford
Pinborg J 1974 Classical antiquity: Greece. In: Sebeok T A (ed.) Current Trends in Linguistics, vol. 13. Mouton, The Hague
Pohlenz M 1939 Die BegrQndung der abendlandischen Sprachlehre durch die Stoa. In: Pohlenz M 1965 Kleine Schriften, vol. 1. Olms, Hildesheim
Priscian (Priscianus) Institutiones Grammaticae. Hertz M (ed.) In: Keil H (ed.) 1859 Grammatici Latini, vol. III. Teubner, Leipzig
Rist J M (ed.) 1978 The Stoics. University of California Press, Berkeley, California
Robins R H 1990 A Short History of Linguistics. 3rd edn. Longman,London
Schenkeveld D M 1984 Studies in the history of Ancient Linguistics, II. Mnemosyne 37: 291-353
Steinthal H 1890-91 Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaft bei den Griechen und Romern, 2nd edn. DOmmler, Berlin. Repr. 1961 Olms, Hildesheim
Swiggers P , W outers A 1989a Langues, situations lin- guistiques et reflexion sur le langage dans 1'Antiquite. In: Swiggers P, Wouters A 1989b
Swiggers P, Wouters A 1989b Le langage dans I'antiquite, La pensee linguistique, vol 3. Leuven University Press (Pee- ters), Leuven
Taylor D J 1986 Rethinking the history of language science in classical antiquity. Historiographia Linguistica 13: 175- 190
Taylor D J (ed.) 1987 The History of Linguistics in the Classi- cal Period. Benjamins, Amsterdam
Telegdi Zs 1982 On the formation of the concept of 'linguistic sign' and on Stoic language doctrine. In: Kiefer F (ed.) Hungarian General Linguistics.Benjamins, Amsterdam
Descartes, Rene J. Cottingham
the foundations of knowledge, the existence of God, and the nature of the human mind. The Principles of Philosophy (Principia philosophiae), a comprehensive
Born near Tours and educated by the Jesuits at the
College of La Reche in Anjou, Descartes lived for
most of his adult life in Holland. His first major work,
the Rules for the Direction of our Native Intelligence textbook of Cartesian metaphysics and science,
(Regulae ad directionem ingenii, written in the late 1620s) outlines the plan for a universal science based on indubitable principles of the kind hitherto found only in mathematics. His early treatise on physics and cosmology, Le Monde, was cautiously withdrawn in 1633 following the condemnation of Galileo for de- fending the heliocentric hypothesis (which Descartes too advocated). His philosophical masterpieces were the Discourse on the Method (Discours de la methode), written in 1637 as an introduction to a selec-
appeared in 1644, and the Passions of the Soul (Les Passions de I'aicme), dealing with physiology, psy- chology, and ethics, in 1649. Descartes died of pneu- monia contracted during a visit to Stockholm at the invitation of Queen Christina of Sweden.
1. Descartes's Views on Language
Descartes attached great importance to language, which he regarded as 'the only sure sign indicating the presence of thought within.' He drew a sharp
tion of scientific essays, and the Meditations (Medi- distinction between animal utterances, which he tationes de prima philosophia, 1641), which examine regarded as always elicited by a particular stimulus,
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