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Chapter 12 | Gender, Sex, and Sexuality 269
2. How is children’s play influenced by gender roles? Think back to your childhood. How “gendered” were the toys and activities available to you? Do you remember gender expectations being conveyed through the approval or disapproval of your playtime choices?
12.2 Gender
3. In what way do parents treat sons and daughters differently? How do sons and daughters typically respond to this treatment?
4. What can be done to lessen the effects of gender stratification in the workplace? How does gender stratification harm both men and women?
12.3 Sex and Sexuality
5. Identify three examples of how U.S. society is heteronormative.
6. Consider the types of derogatory labeling that sociologists study and explain how these might apply to discrimination
on the basis of sexual orientation.
Further Research
12.1 Sex and Gender
For more information on gender identity and advocacy for transgender individuals see the Global Action for Trans Equality web site at http://openstaxcollege.org/l/trans_equality (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/trans_equality) .
12.2 Gender
Learn more about gender at the Kinsey Institute here: http://openstaxcollege.org/l/2EKinsey (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/ 2EKinsey)
12.3 Sex and Sexuality
For more information about sexual attitudes and practices in countries around the world, see the entire “Attitudes Toward Nonmarital Sex in 24 Countries” article from the Journal of Sex Research at http://openstaxcollege.org/l/ journal_of_sex_research (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/journal_of_sex_research) .
References
12.0 Introduction to Gender, Sex, and Sexuality
International Olympic Committee, Medical and Scientific Department. 2012. “IOC Regulations on Female Hyperandrogenism.” Retrieved December 8, 2014 (http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Commissions_PDFfiles/ Medical_commission/2012-06-22-IOC-Regulations-on-Female-Hyperandrogenism-eng.pdf (http://www.olympic.org/ Documents/Commissions_PDFfiles/Medical_commission/2012-06-22-IOC-Regulations-on-Female-Hyperandrogenism- eng.pdf) ).
Maugh, Thomas H., III. 2009. “Row Over South African Athlete Highlights Ambiguities of Gender.” Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 8, 2014 (http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/21/science/sci-runner-side21 (http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/21/science/sci-runner-side21) ).
12.1 Sex and Gender
American Psychological Association (APA). 2008. “Answers to Your Questions: For a Better Understanding of Sexual Orientation and Homosexuality.” Washington, DC. Retrieved January 10, 2012 (http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/ orientation.aspx (http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/orientation.aspx) ).
American Psychiatric Association. 2013. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Caldera, Yvonne, Aletha Huston, and Marion O’Brien. 1998. “Social Interactions and Play Patterns of Parents and Toddlers with Feminine, Masculine, and Neutral Toys.” Child Development 60(1):70–76.
Case, M.A. 1995. "Disaggregating Gender from Sex and Sexual Orientation: The Effeminate Man in the Law and Feminist Jurisprudence." Yale Law Journal 105(1):1–105.
  









































































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