Page 1055 - Chemistry--atom first
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Chapter 18 | Representative Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals 1045
48. Determine the oxidation state of sulfur in each of the following: (a) SO3
(b) SO2
(c)
49. Arrange the following in order of increasing electronegativity: F; Cl; O; and S.
50. Why does white phosphorus consist of tetrahedral P4 molecules while nitrogen consists of diatomic N2
molecules?
18.5 Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Hydrogen
51. Why does hydrogen not exhibit an oxidation state of 1− when bonded to nonmetals?
52. The reaction of calcium hydride, CaH2, with water can be characterized as a Lewis acid-base reaction:
Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base among the reactants. The reaction is also an oxidation-reduction reaction.
Identify the oxidizing agent, the reducing agent, and the changes in oxidation number that occur in the reaction.
53. In drawing Lewis structures, we learn that a hydrogen atom forms only one bond in a covalent compound. Why?
54. What mass of CaH2 is necessary to react with water to provide enough hydrogen gas to fill a balloon at 20 °C and 0.8 atm pressure with a volume of 4.5 L? The balanced equation is:
55. What mass of hydrogen gas results from the reaction of 8.5 g of KH with water?
18.6 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Carbonates
56. Carbon forms the ion, yet silicon does not form an analogous ion. Why?
57. Complete and balance the following chemical equations:
(a) hardening of plaster containing slaked lime
(b) removal of sulfur dioxide from the flue gas of power plants
(c) the reaction of baking powder that produces carbon dioxide gas and causes bread to rise
58. Heating a sample of Na2CO3⋅xH2O weighing 4.640 g until the removal of the water of hydration leaves 1.720 g of anhydrous Na2CO3. What is the formula of the hydrated compound?
18.7 Occurrence, Preparation, and Properties of Nitrogen
59. Write the Lewis structures for each of the following: (a) NH2−
(b) N2F4
(c)
(d) NF3 (e)
