Page 189 - Chemistry--atom first

Chapter 3 | Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements 179
ranges of frequencies or wavelengths
electron affinity energy required to add an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion
electron configuration electronic structure of an atom in its ground state given as a listing of the orbitals occupied by the electrons
electron density a measure of the probability of locating an electron in a particular region of space, it is equal to the squared absolute value of the wave function ψ
endothermic processes that increase the energy of an atom and involve the absorption of light
excited state state having an energy greater than the ground-state energy
exothermic processes that decrease the energy of an atom and involve the emission of light
f orbital multilobed region of space with high electron density, describes orbitals with l = 3. An electron in this orbital is called an f electron
frequency (ν) number of wave cycles (peaks or troughs) that pass a specified point in space per unit time ground state state in which the electrons in an atom, ion, or molecule have the lowest energy possible group vertical column of the periodic table
halogen element in group 17
Heisenberg uncertainty principle rule stating that it is impossible to exactly determine both certain conjugate dynamical properties such as the momentum and the position of a particle at the same time. The uncertainty principle is a consequence of quantum particles exhibiting wave–particle duality
hertz (Hz) the unit of frequency, which is the number of cycles per second, s−1
Hund’s rule every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly
occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin
inert gas (also, noble gas) element in group 18
inner transition metal (also, lanthanide or actinide) element in the bottom two rows; if in the first row, also called lanthanide, or if in the second row, also called actinide
intensity property of wave-propagated energy related to the amplitude of the wave, such as brightness of light or loudness of sound
interference pattern pattern typically consisting of alternating bright and dark fringes; it results from constructive and destructive interference of waves
ionic bond electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions of an ionic compound
ionic compound compound composed of cations and anions combined in ratios, yielding an electrically neutral
substance
ionization energy energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. The associated number (e.g., second ionization energy) corresponds to the charge of the ion produced (X2+)
isoelectronic group of ions or atoms that have identical electron configurations lanthanide inner transition metal in the top of the bottom two rows of the periodic table