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332 Chapter 6 | Composition of Substances and Solutions
Key Terms
aqueous solution solution for which water is the solvent
Avogadro’s number (NA) experimentally determined value of the number of entities comprising 1 mole of
substance, equal to 6.022 1023 mol−1
concentrated qualitative term for a solution containing solute at a relatively high concentration
concentration quantitative measure of the relative amounts of solute and solvent present in a solution
dilute qualitative term for a solution containing solute at a relatively low concentration
dilution process of adding solvent to a solution in order to lower the concentration of solutes
dissolved describes the process by which solute components are dispersed in a solvent
empirical formula mass sum of average atomic masses for all atoms represented in an empirical formula
formula mass sum of the average masses for all atoms represented in a chemical formula; for covalent compounds, this is also the molecular mass
mass percentage ratio of solute-to-solution mass expressed as a percentage
mass-volume percent ratio of solute mass to solution volume, expressed as a percentage
molar mass mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance
molarity (M) unit of concentration, defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution
mole amount of substance containing the same number of atoms, molecules, ions, or other entities as the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of 12C
parts per billion (ppb) ratio of solute-to-solution mass multiplied by 109
parts per million (ppm) ratio of solute-to-solution mass multiplied by 106
percent composition percentage by mass of the various elements in a compound
solute solution component present in a concentration less than that of the solvent
solvent solution component present in a concentration that is higher relative to other components volume percentage ratio of solute-to-solution volume expressed as a percentage
Key Equations
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(AxBy)n = AnxBny
C1V1 = C2V2
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