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720 Chapter 13 | Fundamental Equilibrium Concepts
45. Ammonia is a weak base that reacts with water according to this equation:
Will any of the following increase the percent of ammonia that is converted to the ammonium ion in water? (a) Addition of NaOH
(b) Addition of HCl
(c) Addition of NH4Cl
46. Acetic acid is a weak acid that reacts with water according to this equation:
Will any of the following increase the percent of acetic acid that reacts and produces ion? (a) Addition of HCl
(b) Addition of NaOH
(c) Addition of NaCH3CO2
47. Suggest two ways in which the equilibrium concentration of Ag+ can be reduced in a solution of Na+, Cl−, Ag+, and in contact with solid AgCl.
48. How can the pressure of water vapor be increased in the following equilibrium?
49. Additional solid silver sulfate, a slightly soluble solid, is added to a solution of silver ion and sulfate ion at equilibrium with solid silver sulfate.
Which of the following will occur?
(a) Ag+ or concentrations will not change.
(b) The added silver sulfate will dissolve.
(c) Additional silver sulfate will form and precipitate from solution as Ag+ ions and ions combine.
(d) The Ag+ ion concentration will increase and the ion concentration will decrease.
50. The amino acid alanine has two isomers, α-alanine and β-alanine. When equal masses of these two compounds are dissolved in equal amounts of a solvent, the solution of α-alanine freezes at the lowest temperature. Which form, α-alanine or β-alanine, has the larger equilibrium constant for ionization ?
13.4 Equilibrium Calculations
51. A reaction is represented by this equation: (a) Write the mathematical expression for the equilibrium constant.
(b) Using concentrations ≤1 M, make up two sets of concentrations that describe a mixture of A, B, and C at equilibrium.
52. A reaction is represented by this equation: (a) Write the mathematical expression for the equilibrium constant.
(b) Using concentrations of ≤1 M, make up two sets of concentrations that describe a mixture of W, X, and Y at equilibrium.
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