Page 163 - Geosystems An Introduction to Physical Geography 4th Canadian Edition

Chapter 5 global Temperatures 127
Western Pacific Warm Pool
ICE(°C) 4 10 15 21 27 32
(a) January 23, 2013.
(b) July 23, 2013.
▲Figure 5.9 Average monthly sea-surface temperatures for January and July. [Satellite data courtesy of Space Science and engineering Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison.]
Satellite
Global Sea-Surface Temperatures
ICE(°C) 4 10 15 21 27 32
In Eurasia, similar differences exist for cities in marine versus continental locations. Figure 5.11 shows temperature data from stations in Trondheim, Norway, and Verkhoyansk, Russia, at similar latitudes and eleva- tions. Trondheim’s coastal location moderates its an- nual temperature regime. January minimum and maximum temperatures range between –17°C and +8°C and July minimum and maximum temperatures range between +5°C and +27°C. The lowest minimum and highest maximum temperatures ever recorded in Trond- heim are –30°C and +35°C. In contrast, Verkhoyansk has a continental location and a 63 C° range in average annual temperatures during an average year. This loca- tion has 7 months of temperatures below freezing, in- cluding at least 4 months below –34°C. Temperature extremes reflect continental effects: Verkhoyansk re- corded a minimum temperature of –68°C in January, and a maximum temperature of +37°C occurred in July—an incredible 105 C° minimum–maximum range
for the record temperature extremes! Verkhoyansk has a population of 1400 and has been occupied continu- ously since 1638.
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CRITICALthinking 5.1 Compare and Explain Coastal and Inland Temperatures
Using the map, graphs, and other data in Figure 5.10, explain the effects of Vancouver’s marine location on its average monthly temperatures. Why are summer tem- peratures higher in Winnipeg relative to those in Vancou- ver? Why does Vancouver’s average monthly temperature peak occur later in the summer than that of Winnipeg? is your location subject to marine or continental effects on temperature? (Find the explanation at the end of the key learning Concept review.) •