Page 17 - Geosystems An Introduction to Physical Geography 4th Canadian Edition

Climate Systems and ClimateCoCnhtaenngtes xiii
geosystems in action 12 The Geologic Cycle 376
Focus Study 12.1 Natural Hazards 370
Focus Study 12.2 Sustainable resources 372
crItIcAl thInkIng 12.1 Thoughts about an “Anthropocene Epoch” 350
crItIcAl thInkIng 12.2 Tracking Your Location Since Pangaea 367
crItIcAl thInkIng 12.3 How Fast Is the Pacific Plate Moving? 375
13 Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism 382
KEy LEARninGconcepts 382
GEOSySTEMSnow The San Jacinto Fault Connection 383
Earth’s Surface relief 384 Studying Earth’s Topography 384 Orders of Relief 384
Earth’s Hypsometry 385
Earth’s Topographic Regions 385
Crustal Formation 387
Continental Shields 387
Building Continental Crust and Accretion of Terranes 388
Crustal Deformation 389
Folding and Broad Warping 390 Faulting 392
Orogenesis (Mountain Building) 394 Types of Orogenesis 397
The Appalachian Mountains 397 The Western Cordillera 400
The innuitian Mountains 400 World Structural Regions 400
THEhumanDEnOMinATOR12: Earth Material and Plate tectonics 378
AQuantitativeSOLUTiOn: radioactivity: Earth’s time Clock 379
ViSUALanalysis 12: transform faults 381 GEOreports: 5 REPORTS
Earthquakes 400
Earthquake Anatomy 402
Earthquake intensity and Magnitude 402 Fault Mechanics 404
Earthquake Forecasting 408
Earthquake Planning 410
volcanism 410
Settings for Volcanic Activity 410 Volcanic Materials 411
Volcanic Landforms 412
Effusive Eruptions 412
Explosive Eruptions
Canadian Volcanoes 416
Volcano Forecasting and Planning 416
413 GEOSySTEMSconnection 418
KEy LEARninGconcepts review 419 geosystems in action 13 Mountain Building 398
Focus Study 13.1 Natural Hazards 404 Focus Study 13.2 Natural Hazards 406
crItIcAl thInkIng 13.1 Comparing Topographic Regions at Different Scales 386
crItIcAl thInkIng 13.2 Ocean-Floor Tectonics Tour 416 THEhumanDEnOMinATOR13: tectonics 418
AQuantitativeSOLUTiOn: the Sizes of Earthquakes 419 ViSUALanalysis 13: ageless Mount Etna on the Isle
of Sicily 421 GEOreports: 4 REPORTS
14 Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement 422
KEy LEARninGconcepts 422
GEOSySTEMSnow Human-Caused Scarification in the
Athabasca Region of Alberta 423
Landmass Denudation 424
Dynamic Equilibrium Approach to Understanding Landforms 425
Slopes 428