Page 149 - ESSENTIAL LISTENING TO MUSIC

After the same technique has been applied to the bass (variation 4; 1:52), a thematic alteration again occurs in variation 5 (Example 8.5E). Here the rhythm of the melody is “jazzed up” by placing part of it off the beat, in syncopated fashion.
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Of the remaining seven variations, some change the tune to minor, while others add Bach-like counterpoint against it. The final variation presents this duple-meter folk tune reworked into a triple-meter waltz! Yet throughout all of Mozart’s magical embroidery, the theme remains audible in our internal ear, so well ingrained is “Twinkle, Twinkle” in our musical memory.
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Variations on “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star” Download 6 Genre: Keyboard movement
Form: Theme and variations
what to listen for: The theme, or its accompaniment, is varied from one statement to the next, each presentation lasting about thirty seconds.
read . . . a detailed Listening Guide of this selection online. listen to . . . this selection streaming online.
watch . . . an Active Listening Guide of this selection online.
Haydn: Symphony No. 94 (the “Surprise”
Symphony, 1791), Second Movement
Mozart composed his set of variations on “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star” as a freestanding, independent piece. Franz Joseph Haydn (1732–1809) was the first composer to take a piece in theme and variations form and make it serve as a movement within a symphony. To be sure, Haydn (Figure 8.7) was innovative—he could “surprise” or “shock” like no other composer of
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