Page 103 - English - Teaching Academic Esl Writing

SENTENCES, PHRASES, ANDTEXTCONSTRUCTION 89
Please add optional elements to these sentences that consist only of filled required slots. You may be asked to explain the differences between the meanings of the original sentences and your own.
1. People dream about two hours every night.
2. Most dreams are quickly forgotten.
3. Dreams are vivid visual and auditory experiences that occur during
Rapid Eye Movement periods.
4. Most young children cannot distinguish between dreams and wak-
ing experiences.
5. Psychologists have been fascinated by dream activity.
6. Dreams can be made of false or useless information to remove it
from memory.
(6) Sentence Building II
Chapters 5 and 8 include lists of academic nouns and verbs extracted from the University Word List developed by Nation (1990). Students can be given a few of these items singly or in combinations and asked to build sentences that include them, paying special attention to required and optional sen- tence slots. This activity can be carried out in pairs or assigned as homework to be discussed in class or small groups. The same exercise can be repeated for nouns, adjectives, and adverbs (see chap. 9).
Please construct sentences with thefollowing verbs and be particularly careful with required and/optional sentence elements (e.g., some of these verbs require ob- jects and some do not). You can include as many of these verbs as you like in a sin-
gle sentence:
accumulate
approximate
challenge
communicate cooperate
(7) Sentence Building III
concentrate conclude constitute
contradict enumerate function elaborate establish generate eliminate estimate identify emphasize found integrate
This task can be associated with an assignment on a particular topic or con- sist of individual sentences.
Please complete the following sentences paying special attention to required and optional slots.
1. The first step in a research project
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