Page 131 - English - Teaching Academic Esl Writing

NOUNS ANDTHE NOUN PHRASE 117
Each chapter in this book has two (1) readings and exercises about cross-cultural and selected areas of American ,• and (2) intercultural communication designed to promote discussion ofcross-cul- tural communication. Tohelp you betterunderstand the material, the book includes
• reading ,
• comprehension questions,
• discussion questions,
• exercises, and
• conversational .
Omitted nouns and gerunds:
sections activities exercies culture speakers communication vocabulary activities
understanding
(Adapted from Levine & Adelman, 1993.)
Vocabulary expansion practice:
sections—parts, portions understanding—comprehending
activities—exercises, work, practice, doing something conversation—speaking, talking, discussing
(b) An activity such as described in (a) can be used without the list of original nouns (or other types of words) when students are expected to come up with lexical alternatives or various possibilities for appropriate context completion. For instance, all appropriate lexical replacement options can be acceptable if students supply them.
In intermediate-level classes, newspaper articles on various topics of interest, as well as science and market reports, can become a good means to increase the level of text complexity and lexical variety (see later example).
If the original nouns/words are not provided, students can work in groups to complete the text and supply as many contextually appropriate fillers as they can. Groups can compete for finding as many lexically appropriate and syntactically correct fillers, and the winner of each blank can be awarded a token (e.g., a piece of colored paper). The group that accumulates the most tokens wins the competition. Students usually enjoy this type of competition, and the amount of discussion associated with appropriate lexical and syntactic choices of words can be highly productive.
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