Page 180 - English - Teaching Academic Esl Writing

166 CHAPTER 7
The Most Common Passive Verbs in Academic Writing (in declining order)
For all verbs: be (is/are/was/were)
made seen found considered
+ the Past Participle Form of the Main Verb (as listed) given used done shown
(Lists of common academic passive verbs here and elsewhere are adopted from the research of Biber etal., 1999; Nation, 1990, 2001; Swales & Feak, 1994.)
These especially common passive verbs are usually familiar to L2writers at intermediate and higher levels of proficiency simplybecause they are en- countered in most academic reading and other types of textbooks. For this reason, the practice with common passives can be combined with other verb constructions, such as modal verbs or infinitive complements (see also chaps.3and 12;e.g.,can/maybefound, isconsideredtobe,orwasshowntobe;see additional suggestions for teaching at the end of this chapter).
In addition to these highly common verbs, other important academic verbs include a large number of those noted in chapter 8. Some of these verbs are often accompanied by relatively fixed prepositions, which can be also learned and practiced in contexts.
Other Academic Verbs Predominantly Used in the Passive Voice
For all verbs: be (is/are/was/were)
+ the Past Participle Form of the Main Verb (as listed)
achieved aligned (with) applied approved
asked
associated (with) attributed(to) based(on)
born
brought calculated
called
carried
chosen classified(as) compared composed (of) coupled (with) situated
deemed defined derived described designed determined discussed distributed documented drawn entitled(to) estimated examined expected explained expressed extracted flattened subjected (to)
formed
given
grouped (with/by) held
identified illustrated inclined
intended introducted involved
kept
known
labeled
left
limited(to) linked (to/with) located (at/in)
lost
transferred
measured needed noted observed obtained performed plotted positioned prepared presented recognized regarded related(to) replaced reported represented required said
viewed
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