Page 222 - English - Teaching Academic Esl Writing

208 CHAPTER 8
2. How would you make the best use of students' time teaching verbs for academic writing? With limited class time, what would you not devote much attention to?
3. Some classes of verbs are used less in academic writing than are other classes. Why do you think this is so? How can you help students differentiate between them?
4. How can the learning of new verbs (or nouns) be made more ef- ficient? How can you as a teacher promote long-term retention of vo- cabulary items?
5. What may be the differences between idioms and collocations? Which type of expressions is more common in written academic prose? What are the possible reasons?
FURTHER READINGS ABOUT LEXICAL CLASSES OF VERBS AND TEACHING
Verbs in Academic Prose
Berkenkotter, C., & Huckin, T. (1995). Genre knowledge in disciplinary communities. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Chafe, W. (1985). Linguistic differences produced by differences between speaking and writing. In D. R. Olson, N. Torrance, & A. Hildyard (Eds.), Literature, lan- guage, and learning: The nature and consequences of reading and writing (pp. 105-123). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chafe, W. (1986). Evidentiality in English conversation and academic writing. In W. Chafe &J. Nichols, (Eds.), Evidentiality: The linguistic coding of epistemology (pp. 261-272). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Leech, G., & Svartvik, J. (1994). A communicative grammar of English (2nd ed.). Lon- don: Longman.
Leech, G., Rayson, P., & Wilson, A. (2001). Word frequencies in written and spoken Eng- lish. London: Longman
Logical-Semantic Relationship and Other Types of Verbs
Halliday, M. A. K. (1994). The construction of knowledge and value in the grammar of scientific discourse, with reference to Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species. In M. Coulthard (Ed.), Advances in written text analysis (pp. 136-156). New York: Routledge.
Hunston, S., & Francis, G. (2000). Pattern grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjanims. Palmer, F. R. (1994). Grammatical roles and relations. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer-
sity Press.
Partington, A. (1998). Patterns and meanings. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Scollon, R. (1993a). Maxims of stance. Research Report No. 26. Hong Kong: City Poly-
technic of Hong Kong.
Verbs and Collocations
Moon, R. (1994). The analysis of fixed expressions in text. In M. Coulthard (Ed.), Ad- vances in written text analysis (pp. 117-135). New York: Routledge.
Moon,R.(1998).FixedexpressionsandidiomsinEnglish.Oxford:Oxford UniversityPress. Renouf, A., & Sinclair, J. (1991). Collocational frameworks in English. In K. Aijmer & B. Altenberg (Eds.), English corpus linguistics(pp. 128-143). New York: Longman. Tadros, A. (1994). Predictive categories in expository text. In M. Coulthard (Ed.), Ad-
vances in written text analysis (pp. 69-82). New York: Routledge.
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