Page 88 - English - Teaching Academic Esl Writing

74 CHAPTER 4
discussion of passive verbs). All verbs that require two types of objects en- tail an element of meaning associated with giving and can be called giving verbs; e.g.,
announce give owe bring hand pass deny lend pay describe mention prove explain offer read
recommend remember report
sell
send
show tell speak write suggest
take
teach
Two techniques can be used effectively to tell direct and indirect objects apart. First, to determine which object is direct and which is indirect, a"giv- ing" preposition to or for may be inserted:
The professor sent me an email message.
The professor sent an email message to me.
If you can put the preposition in front of the noun or pronoun, it is the in- direct object because direct objects never occur with prepositions. For in- stance, all verbs listed previously take the preposition to and a few others takefor; e.g.,
answer catch build change buy close call correct
design find do hire draw leave
fill make
order prepare save
The second technique for distinguishing direct and indirect pronouns is to ask a what (or whom) question:
Option 1: The professor sent me (what?) fan e-mail message]
Option 2: What did the professor send? fan e-mail message]
Overnight delivery companies fill the market demand.
Option 1: Overnight delivery companies fill (what?) [the market demand] Option 2: What do overnight delivery companies fill? [the market demand]
The noun that answers the what question is the direct object.
TLFeBOOK