Page 44 - ANZCP Gazette November 2021

9. The macula densa . . .
a. Are primarily located in the vasa recta
b. Are specialized cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus
c. Function by producing and secreting antidiuretic hormone
d. Are negligibly affected by sodium chloride
10. The renal response to metabolic acidosis
a. Is faster than the respiratory responses
b. Involves the secretion of hydrogen ions into the tubules
c. Results in an increase pH
d. Is not as complete as the chemical buffering systems response
11. About 80% of the oxygenated blood that flows to the foetus from the placenta flows through
a. The umbilical artery
b. The placental artery
c. The umbilical vein
d. The placental vein
12. The recommended procedure for the safe priming of a heat exchanger requires that the water source be connected to the heat exchanger and the water circulated for a minimum of ------- to detect for possible ----------- prior to ---------- of the extracorporeal circuit.
a. 22 min; water leak; priming the AV loop
b. 15 min; patency of the heat exchanger; CO2 flushing
c. 5–10 min; water to blood leak; priming the blood path
d. 3 min; water to blood leak; CO2 flushing
13. Potassium arrests the heart by ____ while hypothermic arrest causes ____ when myocardial temperature is lowered below 10o C
a. Membrane depolarisation; electromechanical arrest
b. Membrane repolarisation; electromechanical arrest
c. Membrane depolarisation; anaerobic arrest
d. Membrane repolarisation; anaerobic arrest
14. All of the following ions are actively reabsorbed in the ascending loop of Henle except:
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Bicarbonate
15. Which of the following is NOT true of nerve fibers? a. Axons extend out from the nerve cell body
b. Resting membrane potential is approximately -90 mV c. [K+] is higher outside the membrane than inside
d. [Na+] is lower inside of the membrane than outside
16. Which of the following typically result from the application of an aortic cross clamp?
1. Stroke volume decreases
2. Systemic blood pressure increases. 3. Myocardial contractility decreases 4. Venous return decreases.
a. 1, 2, 3 Correct b. 1, 3 Correct
c. 2, 4 Correct
d. All Correct
17. Rapid ingestion/infusion of 2 litres of normal saline causes what change in extracellular fluid (ECF):
a. Increased ECF, increased ICF, decreased [Na+]
b. Increased ECF, unchanged ICF, increased [Na+] c. Unchanged ECF, increased ICF, increased [Na+] d. Increased ECF, unchanged ICF, unchanged [Na+]
18. The LAST part of the heart to depolarise is: a. Base of the left ventricle.
b. Base of the right ventricle
c. The apex of the epicardium
d. The endocardium of the right ventricle
19. In a case for excision of LA myxoma, the left heart is vented through
a. Right superior pulmonary vein b. Left atrium
c. Pulmonary artery
d. Aortic root
20. A steep downslope of an arterial pressure line might indicate which of the following:
a. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance b. Poor contractility
c. Decreased systemic vascular resistance d. Hypovolemia
41 NOVEMBER 2021 | www.anzcp.org