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If time permits, you may want to discuss associations in Jada’s data using di erent two-way relative frequency tables.
The rst table shows row relative frequencies. It can help show that most of the younger kids (ages 4–10) prefer sneakers without laces while many of the young adults (ages 18–24) prefer shoes that are not sneakers. This indicates that shoe preference is likely associated with age group.
prefers sneakers without laces
prefers sneakers with laces
prefers shoes that are not sneakers
total
4–10 years old
58.33%
33.33%
8.33%
100%
11–17 years old
19.44%
44.44%
36.11%
100%
18–24%
9.62%
34.62%
55.77%
100%
In the next table, column relative frequencies are shown. It can help show that, among people who prefer shoes that are not sneakers, a very small percentage are younger kids. Conversely, among people who prefer sneakers without laces, about a third are younger kids. Since there are such a large di erences in percentages, there is likely an association between age group and shoe preference.
prefers sneakers without laces
prefers sneakers with laces
prefers shoes that are not sneakers
4–10 years old
36.84%
10.53%
2.33%
11–17 years old
36.84%
42.11%
30.23%
18–24 years old
26.32%
47.37%
67.44%
total
100%
100%
100%
3.3 Associating Your Own Variables
15 minutes
The mathematical purpose of this activity is for students to understand what tables might look like when two categories are possibly associated or not.
Unit 3 Lesson 3: Associations in Categorical Data 37