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Lesson 3: Associations in Categorical Data
• Recognize associations among variables based on relative frequency tables. Lesson Narrative
The mathematical purpose of this lesson is to recognize association among variables by analyzing relative frequency tables. Students learn that association between two variables means that the two variables are statistically related to each other. The work of this lesson connects to previous work because students created and interpreted relative frequency tables. The work of this lesson connects to upcoming work because students will learn about relationships between two numerical variables. When students create and analyze relative frequency tables to make decisions about associations between two variables, they are looking for and making use of structure (MP7).
Student Learning Goals
• Let’s look for relationships between categorical variables. 3.1 Cake or Pie
Warm Up: 5 minutes
The mathematical purpose of this activity is for students to interpret data in a two-way table using relative frequencies. Listen for students mentioning relative frequency and how they are calculating it (using row, column, or overall totals).
Instructional Routines
• Think pair share
What: Students have quiet time to think about a problem and work on it individually, and then time to share their response or their progress with a partner. Once these partner conversations have taken place, some students are selected to share their thoughts with the class.
Why: This is a teaching routine useful in many contexts whose purpose is to give all students enough time to think about a prompt and form a response before they are expected to try to verbalize their thinking. First they have an opportunity to share their thinking in a low-stakes way with one partner, so that when they share with the class they can feel calm and con dent, as well as say something meaningful that might advance everyone’s understanding. Additionally, the teacher has an opportunity to eavesdrop on the partner conversations so that she can purposefully select students to share with the class.
Unit 3
Lesson 3: Associations in Categorical Data 31