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Trump reopens a seemingly settled video-game debate
By MAE ANDERSON, e Associ- ated Press
NEW YORK (AP) — In the wake of the Florida school shooting, President Donald Trump is reviving an old debate over whether violent video games can trigger violent behavior. ere’s just one problem: Roughly two decades of re- search has repeatedly failed to uncover any such link.
Trump plans to meet ursday with representatives from the video game industry. Trump’s recent public comments referencing the “vicious” level of game and movie violence in the context of school safety show that he is eager to explore the issue.
e Entertainment So ware Association, the biggest video game trade group, said Monday that it will attend the meeting at the White House. A full list of attendees hasn’t been released. Here’s a look at the issues the meeting may address.
WHAT DOES RESEARCH SHOW?
Some studies have shown a connection between gaming and emotional arous-
al, although there’s no evidence that this heightened emotional state leads to physical violence.
In 2006, a small study by Indiana University found that teenagers who played violent vid- eo games showed higher levels of emotional arousal, but less activity in the parts of the brain associated with the ability to plan, con- trol and direct thoughts and behavior.
e study assigned 44 adolescents to play either a violent or nonviolent but “equally fun and exciting” video game for half an hour. Re- searchers measured their brain function im- mediately a er playing. e group that played the nonviolent game showed more activity
in the prefrontal parts of the brain, which
are involved in inhibition, concentration and self-control. ey also showed less activity in the area involved in emotional arousal.
But if those changes have any impact on real-world behavior, researchers haven’t yet detected it.
Patrick Markey, a psychology professor at Villanova University who focuses on video
games, found in his research that men who commit severe acts of violence actually play violent video games less than the average male. About 20 percent were interested in vi- olent video games, compared with 70 percent of the general population, he explained in his 2017 book “Moral Combat: Why the War on Violent Video Games Is Wrong.”
Another study by Markey and his col- leagues showed that violence tends to dip when a new violent movie or video game comes out, possibility because people are at home playing the game or in theaters watch- ing the movie.
“Everything kind of suggests no link, or if anything, it goes in the opposite direction,” Markey said in an interview.
HAS THE WHITE HOUSE TAKEN THIS UP BEFORE?
In 2013, a er the shooting at Sandy Hook elementary school in Newton, Connecticut, Vice President Joe Biden held three days of wide-ranging talks on gun violence preven- tion including a meeting with video game industry executives. At that meeting the Entertainment So ware Association gave
a statement similar to the one it issued on Monday.
“Like all Americans, we are deeply con- cerned about the level of gun violence in the United States,” the organization said Monday. “Video games are plainly not the issue: enter- tainment is distributed and consumed glob- ally, but the U.S. has an exponentially higher level of gun violence than any other nation.”
A er the 2013 meetings wrapped, the White House called on research on the e ect of media and video games on gun
violence but nothing substantial came out of that.
ARE VIRTUAL REALITY GAMES ANY DIFFERENT?
Because virtual-reality headsets and games are relatively new, there hasn’t been much research into the e ects of immersion in violent virtual worlds. But experts say that such gaming hyper- realism is unlikely to make much of a di erence.
“ at’s an area that is ongoing and needs
to be explored further, but games like ‘Call of Duty,’ are already pretty realistic,” said Benja- min Burroughs, a professor of emerging me- dia at the University of Nevada in Las Vegas. “I have a hard time thinking there’s going to be a massive change in data due to the increased heightened sense of reality.”
WHAT ABOUT A RATINGS SYSTEM OR OTHER REGULATIONS?
Trump has suggested rating both games and movies for violence. Such ratings already exist.
Following an outcry over violent games such as 1992’s “Mortal Kombat,” the En- tertainment So ware Ratings Board was established in 1994 by the Entertainment So ware Association to give each game a rating based on ve-categories ranging from “E’’ for “Everyone” to “Adults Only” rating for those 18 and older.
e ratings suggest an age range and the type of content. e “mature” rating, for example, indicates the content is “generally suitable for ages 17 and up” and that the game “may contain intense violence, blood and gore, sexual content and/or strong language.”
In 2011 , the Supreme Court rejected a Cal- ifornia law banning the sale of violent video games to children. e decision claimed that video games, like other media, are protected by the First Amendment.
In the majority, Justice Antonin Scalia wrote that the government can’t regulate depictions of violence, which he said were age-old, any- way: “Grimm’s Fairy Tales, for example, are grim indeed.”
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