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Report: Many state pension systems have huge funding gaps
By GEOFF MULVIHILL, Associ- ated Press
CHERRY HILL, N.J. (AP) — A public employee pension crisis for state governments has deepened to
a record level even a er nearly nine years of economic recovery for the nation, according to a study released ursday, leaving many states vulner- able if the economy hits a downturn.
e massive unfunded pension li- abilities are becoming a real problem not just for public-sector retirees and workers concerned about their future but also for everyone else. As states try to prop up their pension funds, it means less money is available for core government services such as educa- tion, public safety and parks.
e annual report from the Pew Charitable Trusts nds that public work- er pension funds with heavy state gov- ernment involvement owed retirees and current workers $4 trillion as of 2016. ey had about $2.6 trillion in assets, creating
a gap of about one-third, or a record $1.4 trillion.
While the study looks only at pension funds with major state-government in- volvement, systems run by cities, counties, school districts and other local entities have had similar problems. Just this week, the Chicago suburb of Harvey, a city with a history of underpaying its pension obliga- tions, announced deep layo s in its police and re departments . O cials blamed their rising pension obligations.
Larger cities and school districts across the country also have had service cuts
or freezes over the years to pay for rising costs for their retirees.
Pew says that pension funds were well-funded until about 2000. Around
that time, many states increased pension bene ts without a way to pay for them. In some states, such as California and Illinois, courts usually nd that the government must honor those commitments.
Also in the early 2000s, the tech stock bubble burst, spiraling investment returns downward. Some states, such as New Jersey, made things worse by skimping on their contributions.
Many pension funds had not recovered from the dot-com bust by the time the Great Recession hit less than a decade later. And many haven’t recovered from that, either.
“When the next downturn comes, there will be additional pressures,” David Draine, a senior o cer at Pew, told e Associated Press.
Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Ken- tucky and New Jersey had less than half the assets they needed to meet their pen- sion obligations, according to the report. Kentucky and New Jersey have the largest gaps, with just 31 percent of the needed funding.
Kentucky has been roiled by weeks of protests over a bill passed by the Repub- lican-dominated Legislature and signed
by the Republican governor that makes changes to the state’s teacher retirement system in an attempt to close the funding gap. Teachers have packed the state Capitol by the thousands to protest the changes.
On Wednesday, they joined the state’s attorney general, a Democrat, in ling a lawsuit seeking to overturn the law.
Just four states — New York, South Dakota, Tennessee and Wisconsin
— had at least 90 percent funding. Draine said those states and some others that have repaired pension shortfalls since the Great Recession will be in better shape the next time the economy slides.
e Pew report found that lack- luster investment returns in 2016 explained most of why the condition of pensions declined from the previ- ous year. Pension administrators were counting on median returns of 7.5 percent that year. Instead, they made
just 1 percent.
But the study says that even if the invest-
ments had met expectations, the overall position of pension funds still would have declined because state governments were not contributing enough. Only Kansas contributed more to its pension system in 2016 than it paid out, Pew found.
In New Jersey, actuaries say it will take around $6 billion a year in contributions from the state to shore up its pension system. It’s taken years to get to less than half that amount in the current budget. Maintaining that progress makes it di cult to pay for other priorities, such as boosting school funding.
e study nds that states increasingly rely on investment returns in an attempt to stabilize their nances, which makes them more vulnerable to market uctuations.
Because of a strong market last year, next year’s report, which will assess the state of pensions as of 2017, is expected to look better. But market slides so far this year have not been encouraging, Draine said.
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