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1. BureauoftheCensus,FederalCensusPopula- tion Schedules, Eighth Census (1860), New Mexico, Micro-copy No. 653, Roll No. 712 (hereafter cited asNewMexicoCensus,1860). Martinezwaslisted as having personal property valued at $200. It was extremely rare for women to indicate any separate property value in census. Robert Marshall Utley,
Frontiersmen in Blue: The United States Army and the Indian, 1848-1865 (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1967), pp. 161-162 (hereafter cited as Utley, Frontiersmen ); Robert Marshall Utley, “The Bascom Affair: A Reconstruction,” Arizona and the West, Vol. 3 (Spring, 1961), pp. 61-62 (hereafter cited as Utley, “Bascom”). The boy, later known as Mickey Free, acted as a guide and interpreter for General George Crook in the 1880s. In Cornelius Cole Smith, Jr., William Sanders Oury: History- Maker of the Southwest (Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1967), p. 255 (hereafter cited as Smith, Oury), he was described as half Irish, half Indian, and all son-of-a-bitch. Hardly an accurate epitaph unless Martinez had a good deal of Irish mercenary in her blood.
2. Utley,“Bascom,”pp.62-64.
3. Ibid.\ BenjaminH.Sacks(ed.),“NewEvidence on the Bascom Affair,” Arizona and the West, Vol. 4 (Autumn, 1962), pp. 269-272 (hereafter cited as Sacks, “Evidence”). Utley recorded only one child, but the later arithmetic on captives supports the theory of three noncombatants.
4. TheotherswithCochisewereallmembersofhis family. His wife was a daughter of Mangas Coloradas, and with her children, were companions one would not take into a situation of suspected danger or confrontation.
5. Utley, “Bascom,” pp. 62-64; Sacks, “Evidence,” pp. 269-272. The Mesilla Times, February 16, 1861, p. 1, claimed that Cochise was also clubbed over the head and received a bullet wound in the leg. This cannot be confirmed but is not a major issue.
6. Mesilla Times, February 16, 1861, p. 1; Utley, “Bascom,”pp.62-64;Sacks,“Evidence,”pp.269- 272, claimed that Cochise sweetened the offer with 16 government mules. If the offer was indeed tendered, the mules were probably from the freight outfit destroyed earlier. Bernard John Dowling
Irwin, “The Apache Pass Fight,” Infantry Journal, Vol. 32 (Number 3, 1928), p. 372 (hereafter cited as Irwin, “Apache Pass”), indicated that all eight drivers had been tied to the wheels of the wagons and burned.
7. Utley,“Bascom,”pp.62-64;Sacks,“Evidence,” pp. 269-272.
8. Mesilla Times, February 16, 1861, p. 1. It is likely but unknown if the wounded stage driver and hostage freighter were related.
9. Mesilla Times, February 16, 1861, p. 1. In Gil- bert J. Pedersen, “A Yankee in Arizona: The Mis- fortunes of William S. Grant, 1860-1861,” Journal of
Arizona History, Vol. 16 (Summer, 1975), p. 133 (hereafter cited as Pedersen, “A Yankee”); and Utley, “Bascom,” p. 60, the three other passengers and the conductor were unidentified.
10. Mesilla Times, February 16, 1861, p. 1; Smith, Oury, p. 127; Utley, “Bascom,” pp. 65-66.
11. The Mesilla Times, February 23, 1861, p. 2:1, only credited the capture of 12 cattle. Sacks, “Evidence,”, p. 265. For his actions against the Apaches, Irwin would later be awarded the Medal of Honor.
12. Utley, “Bascom,” p. 66.
13. Mesilla Times, February 23, 1861, p. 2:1, 2; Smith, Oury, p. 128.
14. Mesilla Times February 16, 1861, p. 1. The stage arrived at Mesilla on February 15 carrying the first western mail received in nine days.
15. Irwin, “Apache Pass,” p. 374; Mesilla Times, February 23, 1861, p. 2:1; Utley, “Bascom,” pp. 67- 68. Contemporaneous documents, including Moore’s report, record four dead Americans at the scene. Irwin claimed six, and Sacks, “Evidence,”, p. 272, suggests the names of Whitfield, Sanders, and Brunner might be added to those of Wallace, Jor- dan, and Lyons but did not offer a concrete reason.
16. James L. Haley, Apaches: A History and Cul- ture Portrait (Garden City: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1981), p. 228 (hereafter cited as Haley,
Apaches). Unfortunately,Bascomwouldhaveonly a year to bask in his glory before dying on the Val- verde battlefield.
17. Eve Ball, Nora Henn, and Lynda Sanchez, Indeh: An Apache Odyssey (Salt Lake: Brigham
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