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Series 1, Vol. 50, Part 2, p. 362, a military survey conducted by Major David Fergusson in March 1863, indicated a distance of 261.87 miles so either the road the military used included a significant shortcut or the stage station logs (Appendix C) are in serious error.
190. Ibid., Part 1, pp. 98, 120-124.
191. The messages carried by the two couriers and Milligan were not found when the Official Records were prepared.
192. Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 50, Part 1, pp. 120-124.
193. Henry Pickering Walker (ed.), “Soldier in the California Column - the Diary of John W. Teal,” Arizona and the West, Vol. 13 (Spring, 1971), p. 40 (hereafter cited as Walker, “California Column”);
Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 50, Part 1, p. 130. 194. Victorio, Geronimo, Nana, Juh, and other
futureApacheleaderswereinthegroupalso.
195. John Carey Cremony, Life Among the Apaches (Tucson: Arizona Silhouettes, 1951), pp. 160-164 (hereafter cited as Cremony, Apaches)-, Walker, “California Column,” pp. 40-42, 49; Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 50, Part 1, pp. 93, 128-134, Vol. 9, p. 565. Fountain later claimed in Gibson, A. /. Fountain, pp. 17-19, to have led a bayonet charge
to the crest of one of the hills.
196. In his memoirs Teal was very critical of
Cremony, saying that he did not “believe any thing he says except when he says he wants whiskey.”
197. Cremony, Apaches, pp. 160-164; Walker, “California Column,” pp. 40-42, 49; Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 50, Part 1, pp. 93, 128-134, Vol. 9, p. 565.
198. Keleher, Turmoil, pp. 253-254; National Park Service, Trail Guide to Fort Bowie, Fort Bowie Na- tional Historic Site (Tucson: Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, 1987), p. 13; Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 50, Part 1, pp. 90-91. Carleton named the primitive installation Fort Bowie after its first commander, Colonel George Washington Bowie. The facility would later be moved further from the spring and significantly enlarged. It would not be abandoned until October 17, 1894.
199. Walker, “California Column,” pp. 42-44. 200. Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 9, pp. 570-571. 201. Walker, “California Column,” p. 44.
202. Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 9, p. 572.
RobertMarshallUtley,AClashofCultures: Foit Bowie and the Chiricahua Apaches (Washington: National Park Service, 1977), p. 27.
203. Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 9, pp. 567-568. 204. Ibid., p. 577.
205. Walker, “California Column,” pp. 44-45. Ac-
cording to a footnote in this source, Beckwith es- caped and in later years he and his sons were involved in the New Mexico Lincoln County War.
206. Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 9, pp. 580, 582.
207. Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 50, Part 1, p. 1095, Part 2, p. 181.
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