Page 97 - Cooke's Peak - Pasaron Por Aqui

66. Faulk, Too Far North, p. 149.
67. George Leslie Albright, Official Explorations
for Pacific Railroads, 1835-1855 (Berkeley: Univer-
sity of California Press, 1921), p. 9 (hereafter cited as Albright, Pacific Railroads ); William Turrentine
Wagon Roads West).
68. Lynn Irwin Perrigo, The American Southwest,
Its Peoples and Cultures (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971), p. 187 (hereafter cited as Per- rigo, American Southwest)-, Odie B. Faulk, Destiny Road (New York: Oxford University Press, 1973), p. 87 (hereafter cited as Faulk, Destiny Road).
69. Bieber, Southwestern Trails, pp. 371-377.
70. Albright, Pacific Railroads, p. 9. Frontera, initially settled by T. Frank White in 1848, was probably near present-day Sunland Park and should not be confused with the northern Mexico town of Fronteras.
71. Ibid., p. 120.
72. Jack Lee Cross, “Wagon Roads Across New Mexico, 1846-1860,” Password, Vol. 7 (Winter, 1962), p. 23 (hereafter cited as Cross, “Wagon Roads”); Griggs, Mesilla Valley, p. 60.
73. Albright, Pacific Railroads, p. 121. On April 18, 1854, perhaps as a result of his efforts, Parke’s Brevet rank was made permanent.
74. Ibid., pp. 129-132.
75. John Philip Wilson, Historical Profile ofSouth- western New Mexico, Report No. 21 (Las Cruces: New Mexico State University, 1975), p. 24 (hereafter cited as Wilson, Historical Profile).
76. Jackson, Wagon Roads West, p. 322.
77. Albright, Pacific Railroads, p. 122.
78. WilliamH.Goetzmann,ArmyExplorationin
the American West, 1803-1863 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959), pp. 290-291.
79. Cross, “Wagon Roads,” p. 24.
80. Ibid., p. 24. Yes, the road would be of great military advantage regardless of the color of the uniform of its users, blue or gray.
81. Jackson, Wagon Roads West, p. 323.
82. Ibid., p. 161.
83. Ibid., pp. 161-171.
84. Averam Burton Bender, “A Study of Mes-
calero Apache Indians, 1846-1880,” American In- dian Ethnohistory; Indians of the Southwest, Vol. 11,
edited and compiled by David Agee Horr (New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1974), p. 12 (hereafter cited as Bender, “Mescalero Apaches”); Veronica E. Velarde Tiller, The Jicarilla Apache Tribe: A History, 1846-1970 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1983), p. 36 (hereafter cited as Tiller, Jicarilla Apache).
85. James Truslow Adams (ed.), Dictionary of American History (New York: Charles Scribner’s
Sons, 1940), p. 117.
86. See Endnote 46, Chapter 2.
87. Prior to the 1860s, “breech-loading” or
“cartridge” did not designate a fixed metallic-round weapon. Many early gunpowder arms were adapted to use a linen or paper wrapped package of powder that frequently incorporated the ball or projectile as an integral part of the cartridge.
88. RandySteffen,DieRevolution,theWarof1812, the Early Frontier, 1776-1850, Vol. 1 of The Horse Soldier: 1776-1943 (Norman: University of Ok- lahoma Press, 1979), p. 134.
89. William E. Coffer, Sipapu (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1982), p. 58.
90. RalphHedrickOgle,“FederalControlofthe Western Apaches, 1848-1886,” New Mexico Histori- cal Review, Vol. 14 (Oct., 1939), p. 309 (hereafter cited as Ogle, “Western Apaches”).
91. Ibid., pp. 328-329.
92. Ibid., p. 323. Despite what Geronimo would tell General Miles in later years, the Apaches under- stood the use of signal mirrors well and fully realized the purpose behind the military heliograph system.
93. DonaldChaput,FrancoisX.Aubry: Trader, Trailmaker and Voyageurin the Southwest, 1846-1854 (Glendale: The Arthur H. Clark Company, 1975), pp. 83-86 (hereafter cited as Chaput, Aubry).
94. James A. Bennett, Forts and Forays; James A. Bennett:DragooninNewMexico,1850-1856,edited by Clinton E. Brooks and Frank D. Reeve (Albu-
querque: University of New Mexico Press, 1948), p. 25 (hereafter cited as Bennett, Forts and Forays ); Grant Foreman (ed.), A Pathfinder in the Southwest, the Itinerary of Lieutenant A. W. Whipple During His Explorations for a Railway Route from Fort Smith to Los Angeles in the Years 1853 & 1854 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1941), p. 11 (hereafter cited as Foreman, Whipple).
95. Richard Dunlop, Great Trails of the West (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1971), p. 222.
96. Dan L. Thrapp, Victorio and the Mimbres
Jackson, Wagon Roads West':
Road Surveys and Construction in the Trans- Missis- sippi West, 1846-1869 (New'Haven, Yale University Press, 1965), p. 321 (hereafter cited as Jackson,
A Study of Federal
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