Page 31 - Land Snails of New Mexico

3b SpeciesofmountainsofsouthwesternNewMexico,exclusiveoftheAnimasMountains......Sonorellahachitana(p.61)
The typelocalityofthenominal subspecies ofS. hachitana isfrom Big Hatchet Peak. Other subspecies have been named from the Florida Mountains (flora) and Peloncillo Mountains (peloncillensis). Sonorellas also have been noted or reported in other mountains (Tres Hermanas, Carrizalillo, and Pyramid), but their taxonomic status has not been ascertained.
ORDER BASOMMATOPHORA
Family Carychiidae Genus Carychium
Carychium exiguum (T. Say, 1822, as Pupa). Journal of theAcademy ofNaturalSciencesofPhiladelphia,2:375. T.L. (=Type Locality here and in subsequent accounts): Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (obese thorn)
General Distribution--The species extends from the maritime provinces of southeastern Canada, westward to Colorado,andsouthwardtoNew Mexicointhewestand Alabama intheeast.
New Mexico Distribution--Livingspecimenshavebeen taken only along the Tularosa River in Otero Co. at the U.S. NationalFishHatcheryand 1.2milessouth,nearthevillageof Mescalero, at elevations from ca. 6,650 to 6,800 ft. Pilsbry (1948:1053) reported specimens from stream drift of the MimbresRivernearDeming,likely,theywerefossilshells.
Habitat-Althougha"landsnail,"C.exiguumisamember
of the Order Basommatophora, comprising mainly aquatic
snails. Itprefers damp habitats like those in the marshy area
a l o n g t h e T u l a r o s a R i v e r n e a r M e s c a l e r o . It m i g h t b e s o u g h t i n similar habitats elsewhere in N e w Mexico.
Paleontology-Fossils show that the species occurred previously in the Tularosa Valley at lower altitude to around 5 , 0 0 0 ft, p r o b a b l y u n t i l f l o o d p l a i n s e d i m e n t s , a l o n g a f o r m e r l y marshy Tularosa River there, were entrenched in the last century. Ashbaugh and Metcalf found C. exiguum in spring relateddepositsatKeen SpringintheTularosaBasin,Otero Co.,andnearPlacitas,DoñaAnaCo.(1986:8).Numerous fossils have been recovered from latest Pleistocene alluvial
deposits in the foothills of the Manzanita Mountains, southeast ofAlbuquerque.Severalhundredfossilspecimenswere collected by A. G. Ruthven ( U M M Z 69751 and 115838) in Fresnal Canyon atca. 6,000 ftwest ofHigh Rolls, Otero Co. These and other fossil records suggest that the reduction in riparianandmarshywetlandsinNewMexicoalsohasreduced greatlythehabitatofCarychium exiguum.
ORDERSTYLOMMATOPHORA
Family Cionellidae (Cochlicopidae) Genus Cionella (Cochlicopa)
Cionella (Cochlicopa) lubrica, (O. F. Müller, 1774, as Helix). Vermium terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia, Testacea, p. 104.
T.L.: presumed to be in Denmark. (glossy pillar)
Opinions have differed as to whether the generic name CochlicopaFérussac(1821)orCionellaJeffreys(1829)andthe
derivedfamilynamesCochlicopidaeorCionellidaeshouldbe employed. At issue has been whether the generic name Cochlicopa is valid. The arguments marshalled against its validity by Kennard (1942) seem convincing. They were accepted by Pilsbry (1948:1045-1047), who reluctantly recommended usage of Cionella Jeffreys "snatched from the graveyard of synonymy." Bequaert and Miller (1973:193), on the other hand, defended retention of Cochlicopa. Both usages have beenemployedintheAmericanliteratureofthepast50years. In the second edition of the listing of c o m m o n and scientific
namesofmollusks,Turgeon(inprep.)utilizesCionella,which
will, perhaps, resolve the problem and stabilize the nomenclature.
General Distribution--Excluding the southeastern United States and California, Cionella lubrica isfound from Alaska to northern México, and in the Palearctic region (Europe and northernAsia)aswell.
New MexicoDistributionandHabitat--Thespeciesis found in forested montane habitats throughout the state, generallyabove6,500-ftelevation.Itoccurssparinglyinforest deficient mountains, such as the Big Hatchet Mountains, probably finding such habitat marginal.
Family Pupillidae Genus Pupilla
Pupillablandi,E.S.Morse,1865.AnnalsoftheLyceum ofNaturalHistoryofNew York,8:5,Fig.8.T.L.:riparian drift of the Missouri River near site of Fort Berthold,
McLeanCo.,NorthDakota.(RockyMountaincolumn)
General Distribution--This is a snail of the Rocky MountainregionfromTrans-PecosTexas,NewMexico,and Arizona, northward into southern Canada.
N e w Mexico Distribution--In the western part of the state, Pupilla blandi is found in the forested zone of mountains from theMogollonMountainsandBlackRangenorthward.Itis c o m m o n in allforested mountains of the central part of the state, southeastward to the Sacramento Mountains. In the northeast, it is taken along valleys draining eastward from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. In the isolated mountains in the northeast, the species is of scattered occurrence, and not as common as P. muscOrum1.
Habitat--Most commonly, Pupilla blandi is found higher than7,000ftinforestedzonesoftheabovemountainranges.It also occurs at lower elevations along the eastern slopes of the SangredeCristoMountains,ingrasslandsandborderingstream valleys, as along a small tributary of Cimarron Creek south of Springer.
Paleontology--Pupilla blandi is often abundant in QuaternaryfossildepositsinNew Mexico.Numerousrecords
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