Page 15 - Opportunities in the Treatment of Water and Other Wast Streams
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• Fracturing chemicals
• Naturally occurring organic matter
• Iron and manganese (from oxidation during aeration)
Benefits:
• Lower chemical demand than conventional coagulation and flocculation • Modularsystems
Limitations:
• Moderate energy demand
• Requires a stable and robust microbial culture
• Post treatment required
Bioreactors use naturally occurring microbial processes to removal biodegradable compounds. Reactors seeded with active microbial cultures treat incoming produced water. Biological reactors generally include diffusers to add oxygen to promote aerobic reactions and degradation. Oil, grease, and hydrocarbons, fracturing chemicals, and naturally occurring organic matter may all be readily biodegradable.
Membrane Treatment Technologies
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