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Coenonympha pamphilus (Linnaeus, 1758) Small Heath

One of the smallest of the Levant satyrines, this local
species flies in a variety of grassy habitats from sl
to above 2000 m. Awaiting females, males patrol or
defend their territories for many days. On approaching © Dubi Benyamini © Dubi Benyamini
#
the female, a courting male vibrates wings, contacting
the head and antennae of the female with his
forewings, so releasing pheromones in a bid to mate.
The female carries the male in cop. Flight is weak
and erratic, usually very low over grass. In Lebanon,
21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 4 - B | 22-01-02 | 10:39:03 | SR:-- | Magenta
21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 4 - B | 22-01-02 | 10:39:03 | SR:-- | Yellow
#21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 4 - B | 22-01-02 | 10:39:03 | SR:-- | Black
21603-BRACHA-PARPAR - 21603-BRACHA-PARPAR | 4 - B | 22-01-02 | 10:39:03 | SR:-- | Cyan
Larsen (1974: 140) reported communal night roosting DGXOW DGXOW
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in company with several lycaenid spp. and Melitaea HJJ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 HJJ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
lar v a
lar v a
cinxia. pupa pupa
© Jose Gonzalez Granados
%LRORJ\
)OLJKW SHULRG late April to October (or later in some
areas); Scarce in the Amanos Mts, Hatay, S Turkey
from 300-1100 m in May (Atahan et al., 2018: 97); C. p. neolyllus de Lattin 1950
late April/early May in Lebanon (Larsen, 1974:
140); “Throughout the summer, populations are at
their highest during the first half of the year”, at the
Aammiq area, 863 m, SE Lebanon (Beale & Sprenger,
2006: 6). © Jose Gonzalez Granados © Dubi Benyamini
© Dubi Benyamini
/LIH KLVWRU\ univoltine to polyvoltine, depending on
elevation. The cream, flat-topped, 32 ribbed eggs
are laid singly on dry or fresh blades of grass. Before
hatching (after 7-14 days) the eggshell develops
brown spots and becomes transparent; the emerging
larva initially feeds on the eggshell then feeds H. l. intermedia (Staudinger, 1886)
inconspicuously, low on the hostplant. L1 is 2 mm © Adam Warecki © Leah Benyamini
long, light beige with light brown lines. The mature
larva is 16-18 mm long, light green with darker green
and white lines along the body; the head is green
and the tail ends in a fork. Suspended from a grass © Dubi Benyamini © Dubi Benyamini
stem, the ca. 10 mm long pupa is uniformly light
green or has black streaking, and hatches after 8-26
days, subject to external temperatures. Overwinters
in the larval stage (Hesselbarth et al., 1995(2): 805;
González Granados et al., 2009: 424-425, Lafranchis © Eddie John © Eddie John
et al., 2015: 594, Thomas & Lewington, 2014: 270;
Warecki, 2010: 133).
5HFRUGHG KRVWSODQWV Poaceae – Anthoxanthum,
Bromus, Cynosurus, Festuca, Melica, Nardus & Poa
spp.
© Dubi Benyamini
'LVWULEXWLRQ
TL: Sweden. Common and widely distributed
throughout Europe, most of Turkey and into the
Middle East, but its presence in the Levant is patchy; H. l. cypriaca (Riley, 1921)
In Lebanon, Larsen (1974) described pamphilus
as ‘common, but slightly localised from 1000 m
upwards…’, lending support to its likely presence in
Syria; Reaches its southernmost distribution limit in
Aammiq Marsh (863 m), Beqaa Valley, SE Lebanon
(Beale & Sprenger, 2006: 6); Absent from Cyprus,
Hermon, Israel, Jordan and Sinai. Ssp. Coenonympha
pamphilus neolyllus GH /DWWLQ 7/ 6DVRQ 'DøODUL
(Turkey) has been described from the Levant.
© Ali Atahan © Dubi Benyamini © Dubi Benyamini
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2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 54 12/30/2021 4:22:32 PM 2Butterflies of the Levant danaidae satyridae.indd 59 12/30/2021 4:22:50 PM