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Yacoub Sanua Nationalism 19 in 1899-1903, several issues of which appear in this book - and the newspaper L'Univers

Musulman published in Paris in 1907-1909 in French only, in which he tries to depict Islam and
The paper was predominantly anti-British and slowly slipped into a campaign against the Muslims in a positive and tolerant light.
spendthrift Khedive Ismaïl who surrendered to Britain, due to the huge financial loans he had

plentifully received from the British. Thus Egypt's debt to England grew so much that shortly In all his articles, Sanua fights for the independence of Egypt, and mocks the alleged leadership
afterwards the Egyptian government was forced to sell its entire share in the Suez Canal to of the Khedive, who is ruled by Britain, especially after the increased British control over what
Great Britain in return for the accumulated loans. was happening in Egypt following their victory over the Arab army in 1882. Under the

influence of Yacoub Sanua, and following the boycott of every newspaper that came out in
Sanua allowed himself such harsh criticism, because despite being Egyptian, he retained his criticism against the regime in Egypt, an Egyptian press arose in exile, with editors from all
Italian citizenship inherited from his father and enjoyed privileges that were granted to denominations. The French historian Pierre Vermeren positioned Sanua on the same line as
foreigners at the time. Khedive Ismaïl himself was not uninterested in a certain opposition by later Jewish nationalists in Egypt, such as the Karaite-Jew Mourad Farag, one of the most

Sanua and his disciples, which included among others Gamal e-Din el-Afghani, in the hope this important jurists and theologians in modern Egypt, who wrote a poem entitled 'Egypt, My
would weaken British control.
Homeland', or René Cattaui, head of the Sephardi Jewish Community in Cairo, who in 1935

But the satirical newspaper's criticism intensified, and in 1878 an order was issued to close the founded the Jewish-Egyptian youth organization under the slogan 'Egypt is our homeland,
newspaper 'Abu Naddara' and Sanua was exiled from Egyptian soil. A year later, under pressure Arabic is our language'.
from the British superpower, Khedive Ismaïl too was deported from his own country.
Almost until his last day, in 1912, Sanua continued to illustrate the newspaper himself - as can

Yacoub Sanua’s exile in France be seen in the paper issues bound in this book - and continued to publish it until 1910.

From his exile in Paris, Yacoub Sanua continued to publish his newspaper 'Abu Naddara' in Yacoub Sanua private life and Judaïsm

Arabic. The newspaper was smuggled into Egypt, and in order to mislead Egyptian censors, it During his exile in Paris, Yacoub Sanua married at the age of 45 to a Catholic Frenchwoman,
was packaged in a bundle of other newspapers and magazines, mostly illustrated, and Zélie Blumenthal, the daughter of a bookbinder from Alsace in France. They gave birth to their
distributed to other Arab countries around the world. In all this, Sanua was most encouraged by only daughter, Sarah-Alexandrine-Louise Sanua, who eventually bore the name Louli, meaning

Gamal e-Din el-Afghani and by Muhamad 'Abdu, both of whom were exiled in France too. It Pearl in Arabic, or Perla - a common name among Sephardic Jews in Egypt. Yacoub Sanua,
was here that Sanua coined his well-known slogan 'Egypt for the Egyptians' (نيرصمللرصم) in the being a poet - who changed his name Yacoub to James - of high cultural level, a brilliant
sense that 'Egypt belongs to the Egyptian people' which became a common idiom in Egypt, conversationalist and a feminist gives his daughter a high level education. From 1893 to 1903,

until the total expulsion of British forces from the country.
she studies literature at Collège Sevigné in Paris. There she receives an avant-garde education,
In his paper, Yacoub Sanua also supports Colonel Ahmed ʻOrabi, an officer in the Egyptian connects with the youth of the upper bourgeoisie in Paris, and sometimes with the Jewish
army who in 1878 rebelled against the government and initiated a coup against Tawfiq Pasha, intellectuals of Paris. She even enrols in a Latin language course and in 1904 studies history at

the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan. But the 'Orabi revolt in 1882 led to the British army attack the Sorbonne. All the while, her father earns his living teaching languages, with his wife Zélie
against Orabi's troops and to the British conquest of the whole of Egypt. From that year on, helping on livelihood by providing piano lessons.
Abu Naddara's newspaper printed in Paris became a lashing whip to the British occupation, a Louli Sanua becomes a respected educator and pedagogical-

whip that had the blessing of the French - as Britain's eternal competitors - and the blessing of feminist in France. In 1916, she founds the first and most
the Ottoman Empire. From 1885 on, in order to spread his views among the French public, prestigious College of Business Women in Paris EHEC, serves
Yacoub Sanua turned his newspaper into a bilingual one - as we shall see in the issues gathered on the Higher Council for Public Education in France, and wins

in this Book - and published it in Arabic and French. Each issue is reprinted in thousands of gold medals and prestigious awards in her professional field.
copies, with plenty of cartoons drawn by Sanua himself, depicting the slender Egyptian peasant Unlike her beloved father, Louli Sanua denies sometimes her
wearing rags - in front of the fat-bellied rulers. The newspaper was smuggled to Egypt where it Jewishness, but she marries in 1929 Jean Milhaud, born in

was distributed and read eagerly by the Egyptian intelligentsia and by Egyptian politicians. It Montpellier France and son of Gaston Milhaud - a Jewish
was also read aloud in the popular cafes and in clubs in Egypt, reaching tens of thousands. mathematician and philosopher from Provence. Jean Milhaud

In France, Sanua published three more newspapers Al-Tawadod - Sympatisons (let's becomes the founder of Cégos and other important Institutes in

)
(
sympathize) in 1888-1889 and again in 1898-1903, and Al-Monsef فصنملا 'fairness, equality' France. Together with him, Louli gives birth to two sons,
James (named after Louli's father), and Serge. Jean loved her
Louli Sanua,

Yacoub Sanua daughter so much, he wrote after her death in 1967, a book about her.
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