Page 307 - Orthodoxy Zizioulas

O R T H O D O X Y: PA S T A N D F U T U R E
Orthodoxy : Past and Future
Tthe 20th century represents a particularly significant pe-
riod in the history of the Orthodox Church. The new
political and cultural conditions that shaped world history
also left a profound impact on the life of Orthodoxy, com-
pelling it to adapt to new realities. The important transfor-
mations that have occurred in the history of Christianity in
our time have drawn the Orthodox Churches into develop-
ments previously unknown in their history, the consequenc-
es of which—still not fully understood—await careful evalu-
ation.
In the face of these realities, Orthodoxy has been com-
pelled to reflect on its historical and theological roots in order
to draw inspiration and guidance. This has led to a revival of
patristic thought and a renewed consideration of the actual
conditions of Orthodoxy. New theological approaches, em-
phasizing fidelity to the ancient ethos of the Fathers, seek to
provide criteria for this reflection. Although this “new theol-
ogy” is still in the process of formation and not always recog-
nized in practice, it is becoming increasingly clear that the
future of Orthodoxy is closely tied to these developments.
The external conditions in which Orthodoxy finds itself
today are extremely challenging. A significant part of the Or-
thodox world exists within political contexts where religion is
not officially recognized as having an effective role in society.
In such circumstances, the Church must find a modus vi-
vendi with the state, often avoiding criticism while offering
moral support in human and social matters. In the Middle
307