Page 15 - Aerotech News and Review, Oct 5 2018 - NASA Anniversary Special

SPINOFF, from 14
Space Program. NASA and the National Bureau of Standards created a lightweight breathing system including face mask, frame, harness, and air bottle, using an aluminum composite material developed by NASA for use on rocket casings. The broadest fire-related technology transfer is the breathing ap- paratus for protection from smoke inhalation injury.
Additionally, NASA’s inductorless electronic circuit technology led to lower-cost, more rugged, short-range two-way radio now used by firefight- ers. NASA also helped develop a specialized mask weighing less than 3 ounces to protect the physi- cally impaired from injuries to the face and head, as well as flexible, heat-resistant materials—devel- oped to protect the space shuttle on reentry—which are being used both by the military and commer- cially in suits for municipal and aircraft-rescue firefighters.
Shock Absorbers for buildings: With NASA funding, Taylor Devices Inc. developed shock ab- sorbers that could safely remove the fuel and elec- trical connectors from the space shuttles during launch. These absorbers are being used as seismic shock absorbers to protect buildings from earth- quakes in places like Tokyo and San Francisco.
Consumer, home, recreation
Temper foam: As the result of a program de- signed to develop a padding concept to improve crash protection for airplane passengers, Ames Re- search Center developed what is now called mem- ory foam. Memory foam, or “Temper Foam”, has been incorporated into mattresses, pillows, military and civilian aircraft, automobiles and motorcycles, sports safety equipment, amusement park rides and arenas, horseback saddles, archery targets, furni- ture, and human and animal prostheses. Its high- energy absorption and soft characteristics offer pro-
tection and comfort. Temper Foam was inducted into the Space Foundation Space Technology Hall of Fame in 1998.
Enriched baby food: Commercially available in- fant formulas now contain a nutritional enrichment ingredient that traces its existence to NASA-spon- sored research on bread mold as a recycling agent for long-duration space travel. The substance, for- mulated into the products life’sDHA and life’sARA and based on microalgae, can be found in over 90 percent of the infant formulas sold in the United States, and are added to infant formulas in over 65 other countries. Martek Biosciences Corpora- tion’s founders and principal scientists acquired their expertise in this area while working on the NASA program. The microalgae food supplement was inducted into the Space Foundation Space Technology Hall of Fame in 2009.
Portable cordless vacuums: For the Apollo space mission, NASA required a portable, self- contained drill capable of extracting core samples from below the lunar surface. Black & Decker was tasked with the job, and developed a computer pro- gram to optimize the design of the drill’s motor and ensure minimal power consumption. That com- puter program led to the development of a cordless miniature vacuum cleaner called the DustBuster.
Freeze drying: In planning for the long-duration Apollo missions, NASA conducted extensive re- search into space food. One of the techniques de- veloped in 1938 by Nestlé was freeze drying. In the United States, Action Products later commercial- ized this technique for other foods, concentrating on snack food resulting in products like Space ice cream. The foods are cooked, quickly frozen, and then slowly heated in a vacuum chamber to remove the ice crystals formed by the freezing process. The final product retains 98 percent] of its nutrition and
weighs much less than before drying. The ratio of weight before and after drying depends strongly on the particular food item but a typical freeze-dried weight is 20 percent of the original weight.
Today, one of the benefits of this advancement in food preservation includes simple, nutritious meals available to disabled and otherwise homebound senior adults unable to take advantage of existing meal programs.
Space age swimsuit: Langley Research Center’s wind tunnel testing facilities and fluid flow analy- sis software supported Speedo’s design of a space age-enriched swimsuit. The resulting LZR Racer reduced skin friction drag 24 percent more than the previous Speedo swimsuit. In March 2008, athletes wearing the LZR Racer broke 13 swimming world records.
Digital image sensor: The invention of digital image sensors used in products like mobile phones and GoPro cameras traces back to NASA JPL sci- entist Eric Fossum who wanted to miniaturize cam- eras for interplanetary missions. Fossum invented CMOS image sensors that have become NASA’s most ubiquitous spinoff technology, enabling the use of cameras inside mobile phones. Fossum found a way to reduce the signal noise that had plagued earlier attempts at CMOS imagers, apply- ing a technique called intra-pixel charge transfer with correlated double sampling that results in a clearer image, this led to the creation of CMOS active pixel sensors, which are used today in all smartphone cameras and many other applications.
Air-scrubbers: Based on a discovery made in the 1990s at the Wisconsin Center for Space Auto- mation and Robotics where Researchers, with the help of the Space Product Development Program at Marshall Space Flight Center, were trying to find a way to eliminate ethylene that accumulates around
plants growing in spacecraft and then found a solu- tion: light-induced oxidation. When UV light hits titanium dioxide, it frees electrons that turn oxygen and moisture into charged particles that oxidize air contaminants such as volatile organic compounds, turning them into carbon dioxide and water. This air scrubber also eliminates other airborne organic compounds and neutralized bacteria, viruses, and molds. An air scrubber with light-induced oxida- tion can cleans air, surfaces and clothes and nearly 30 Major League Baseball teams now have this scrubber technology in their facilities.
Environmental and agricultural resources
Water purification: NASA engineers are col- laborating with qualified companies to develop systems intended to sustain the astronauts living on the International Space Station and future Moon and space missions. This system turns wastewater from respiration, sweat, and urine into drinkable water. By combining the benefits of chemical ad- sorption, ion exchange, and ultra-filtration pro- cesses, this technology can yield safe, drinkable water from the most challenging sources, such as in underdeveloped regions where well water may be heavily contaminated.
Solar Cells: Single-crystal silicon solar cells are now widely available at low cost. The technology behind these solar devices—which provide up to 50 percent more power than conventional solar cells—originated with the efforts of a NASA-spon- sored 28-member coalition forming the Environ- mental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) Alliance. ERAST’s goal was to develop remotely piloted aircraft, intended to fly unmanned at high altitudes for days at a time and requiring ad- vanced solar power sources that did not add weight.
See SPINOFF, Page 16
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