Page 4 - Aerotech News and Review, Oct 5 2018 - NASA Anniversary Special

NASA, from 3
mostly reusable vehicle, four space shuttle orbiters were built by 1985. The first to launch, Columbia, did so on April 12, 1981, the 20th anniversary of the first known human space flight.
Its major components were a spaceplane orbiter with an ex- ternal fuel tank and two solid-fuel launch rockets at its side. The external tank, which was bigger than the spacecraft itself, was the only major component that was not reused. The shuttle could
NASA photograph
July 17, 1975: Docking Apollo and Soyuz Capsules — Docking of the U.S. Apollo and Soviet Soyuz capsules, the first joint mission between Americans and Russians.
orbit in altitudes of 115–400 miles and carry a maximum payload (to low orbit) of 54,000 pounds. Missions could last from 5 to 17 days and crews could be from two to eight astronauts.
On 20 missions (1983–98) the Space Shuttle carried Spacelab, designed in cooperation with the European Space Agency. Spacelab was not designed for independent orbital flight, but remained in the shuttle’s cargo bay as the astronauts entered and
July 20, 1969: First Humans to Walk on the Moon — Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become the first humans to walk on another celestial body.
times bigger than that of the Apollo Command Module.
Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (1972–1975)
On May 24, 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin signed an agreement calling for a joint manned space mission, and declaring intent for all future inter- national manned spacecraft to be capable of docking with each other.
This authorized the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, involving the rendezvous and docking in Earth orbit of a surplus Apollo Com-
See NASA, Page 6
NASA photograph
NASA photograph
May 14, 1973: First U.S. Space Station Skylab — NASA launches Skylab, the first U.S. space station.
mand/Service Module with a Soyuz spacecraft. The mission took place in July 1975. This was the last U.S. manned space flight until the first orbital flight of the Space Shuttle in April 1981.
The mission included both joint and separate scientific ex- periments, and provided useful engineering experience for future joint US–Russian space flights, such as the Shuttle-Mir Program and the International Space Station.
Space Shuttle program (1972–2011)
The Space Shuttle became the major focus of NASA in the late 1970s and the 1980s. Planned as a frequently launchable and
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October 5, 2018
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