Page 147 - Knowledge Organiser Yr9 24-25

Knowledge Base: Science B2: Organisation in animals Year 9
11. Health and Disease
11.1
What is health?
The state of physical and mental well-being.
11.2
What is the major cause of ill health?
Diseases.
11.3
What are communicable diseases?
Diseases that can be transmitted from one organism to another, caused by pathogen.
11.4
What are non-communicable diseases?
Diseases that are not caused by infectious pathogens and are generally caused by lifestyle factors.
11.5
What is a risk factor?
Something that can increase the chances of developing a non-communicable disease.
11.6
What is a correlation?
A relationship between two sets of data, such that when one changes you would expect the other to change.
11.7
What is smoking a risk factor for?
Cardiovascular disease, lung disease, lung cancer, foetal abnormalities (during pregnancy).
11.8
What is alcohol a risk factor for?
Liver damage, brain damage, foetal abnormalities (during pregnancy).
11.9
What is obesity a risk factor for?
Type 2 diabetes.
11.10
State three risk factors of cardiovascular disease
Poor diet, smoking, lack of exercise.
11.12
What are carcinogens and ionising radiation a risk factor for?
Cancer.
11.13
Why might someone be more likely to suffer from infectious diseases?
Due to defects in the immune system.
11.14
What can trigger someone developing allergies such as skin rashes or asthma?
Immune reactions initially caused by a pathogen.
11.15
What can severe physical ill health potentially lead to?
Depression and other mental illness.
12. Cancer
12.1
What is cancer?
Uncontrolled cell growth and division of cells resulting in tumours.
12.2
What are benign tumours?
Growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area, usually within a membrane.
12.3
What are malignant tumours?
Malignant tumour cells are cancers, they are able to spread around the body and cause secondary tumours.
12.4
Which type of tumours can invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body?
Malignant tumours.
12.5
How do some tumours spread to different parts of the body?
In the blood.
12.6
What are the two types of risk factors that can cause different types of cancer?
Lifestyle risk factors and genetic risk factors.
12.7
Give examples of lifestyle risk factors that can cause different types of cancer.
Smoking, obesity, UV exposure, viruses living in cells.
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