Page 137 - Knowledge Organiser Yr7 24-25

3. Muscles
3.1
How do muscles allow the skeleton to move?
They contract (get shorter)
3.2
What name is given to a pair of muscles that work together to cause movement?
Antagonistic muscles
3.3
Why must some muscles work in pairs?
Because they can only pull not push
3.4
How do bicep and triceps muscles cause your arm to bend?
The bicep muscle contracts, the triceps muscle relaxes
3.5
How do bicep and triceps muscles cause your arm to straighten?
The triceps muscle contracts, the bicep muscle relaxes
1. Skeleton
1.1 What is the skeleton composed of?
1.2 Is bone an example of a cell, tissue or organ?
1.4 What is important, to keep bones healthy?
Bones
Tissue
Exercise and a balanced diet
1.3
What makes bones strong but slightly flexible?
Calcium and other minerals
1.5
How many bones does the average human skeleton consist of?
Around 200
1.6
What are the four main functions of the skeleton?
• Support the body
• Protect the vital organs • Movement
• Make blood cells
4. Chicken Wing
4.1
What precautions should you take to minimise the risk of bacteria when dissecting a chicken wing?
Wear gloves, wash hands after handling chicken, disinfect desks
4.2
What precautions should you take to minimise the risk of sharps when dissecting a chicken wing?
Keep equipment in the dissection tray, hold equipment as demonstrated
2. Joints
2.1 What is a joint?
2.2 What are the three types of joint?
2.5 What is the purpose of ligaments at the joint?
2.6 What is the purpose of tendons at the joint?
Where two or more bones join together
Hinge, ball and socket, fixed
To connect the bones together
To connect muscles to bones
2.3
Give an example of each type of joint
• Hinge – knee or elbow
• Ball and socket – hip or shoulder
• Fixed – skull
2.4
Why are bones covered in cartilage at a joint?
To prevent the bones from rubbing against each other
5. Biomechanics
5.1
How can you measure the strength of a muscle?
By measuring the how much force it exerts
5.2
What piece of equipment can be used to measure the strength of
a muscle?
A Newton meter
137
Knowledge Base: Science 7.9 Movement Year 7