Page 111 - Knowledge Organiser Yr8 24-25

Knowledge Base: PSHRE First Aid Year 8 | Term 3
1. First Aid
1.1
first aid
Medical attention that is usually administered immediately after the injury occurs and at the location where it occurred. It often consists of a one-time, short-term treatment and requires little technology or training to administer.
1.2
primary survey
Checking the situation to see if it is safe to help a casualty
and then assessing the casualty and providing basic life support.
1.3
heart/pulse rate
The number of beats the heart makes in one minute – between 60-80 is normal.
1.4
respiratory rate
The number of times somebody breathes in a minute – around 6 is normal.
1.5
recovery position
The recovery position is when someone is rolled onto their side if they are breathing but unconscious.
1.6
choking
Severe difficulty in breathing because of a constricted or obstructed throat or a lack of air.
3. Basic Life Support actions
3.1
How do you carry out a primary survey?
1. D – danger – check for risks.
2. R – response – tap/shake shoulder and say ‘hello, can you hear me?’ 3. S – shout – alert other people.
4. A – airway – check the airway is clear, check tongue and mouth.
5. B- breathing – check breath and chest rising.
6. C – circulation- if breathing normally, check for bleeding.
3.2
Emergency numbers 999/112
‘Is the casualty breathing?’ is the first question to answer, then give the location and any other information that could be helpful.
3.3
Why is it important to put a casualty in the recovery position?
Putting someone in the recovery position will keep their airway clear and open.
It also ensures that any vomit or fluid won't cause them to choke. This is to ensure they keep breathing until help arrives.
1.7 fracture Cracked or broken bone.
4. How to identify serious injury
4.1
How can you tell if someone is choking?
• One or both hands clutched to the throat. • A look of panic, shock or confusion.
• Inability to talk.
• Strained or noisy breathing.
• Squeaky sounds when trying to breathe.
• Cough, which may either be weak or forceful.
• Skin, lips and nails that change colour turning blue or grey. • Loss of consciousness.
4.2
How can you tell if someone has broken a bone?
The signs are often pain, swelling and possibly deformity, for example: a limb at a strange angle.
4.3
How can you tell if someone is having an allergic reaction?
They could be sneezing, have a runny or blocked nose and red eyes. They could be coughing, their face may swell up and they may have difficulty breathing.
1.8
casualty
Someone who has been injured by an event and is in need of medical attention.
2. Basic Life Support key words
2.1
CPR
CPR stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It can help save a life during cardiac arrest, when the heart stops beating or beats too ineffectively to circulate blood to the brain and other vital organs.
2.2
chest compression
Squeezing the heart by pressing on the chest whilst performing CPR.
2.3
rescue breaths
During rescue breathing, you blow air into a person's mouth to supply them with vital oxygen. Rescue breathing can be done alone or as a part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
2.4
AED
Automated external defibrillator, is used to help those experiencing sudden cardiac arrest – delivers a shock to the heart.
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