Page 130 - Knowledge Organiser Yr8 24-25

Knowledge Base: Science 8.3 Breathing and Respiration Year 8
5. Anaerobic Respiration
5.1
How is anaerobic respiration different from aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen.
5.2
When does our body use anaerobic respiration to release energy?
When there is insufficient oxygen in our cells eg during high intensity exercise.
5.3
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose → Lactic Acid
5.4
Why is anaerobic respiration only used by our bodies in emergencies?
It is less efficient at transferring energy from glucose and produces toxic lactic acid.
5.5
What does a build up of lactic acid in our muscles cause?
Muscle cramp.
4. Breathing
4.1 What is breathing? The movement of air in and out of the lungs.
4.2
What is lung volume?
The volume of air you can breathe into your lungs in a single breath.
4.3
What is the scientific term for ‘breathing in’?
Inhaling.
4.4
What is the scientific term for ‘breathing out’?
Exhaling.
4.5
Which muscles are used when we breath in and out?
The diaphragm and the muscles between the ribs.
4.6
During inhalation, how is air drawn into the lungs?
1. The muscles between the ribs contract causing the ribcage to move up and out.
2. The diaphragm contracts and moves down.
3. The volume of the chest cavity increases, which decreases the pressure.
4. Air is drawn into the lungs.
4.7
During exhalation, how is air squeezed out of the lungs?
1. The muscles between the ribs relax pulling the ribcage down and in.
2. The diaphragm relaxes and moves up.
3. The volume inside the chest decreases,
which increases the pressure. 4. Air is pushed out of the lungs.
6. The Heart
6.1
What is the function of the heart?
To pump blood to the lungs and to the rest of the body.
6.2
Why does blood need to be pumped around the body?
To provide cells with oxygen and glucose for respiration.
6.3
Why is the heart made mostly of muscle tissue?
The muscle tissue contracts causing blood to be pumped.
6.4
How many chambers does the heart consist of?
Four.
6.5
What is the name of the chambers at the top of the heart?
Atria.
6.6
What is the name of the chambers at the bottom of the heart?
Ventricles.
6.7
What is the function of the chambers at the top of the heart?
To collect blood and pump it into the ventricles.
6.8
What is the function of the chambers at the bottom of the heart?
To pump the blood to the body and the lungs.
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