Page 141 - Loss of the VOC Retourschip Batavia, Western Australia, 1629

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Masks
There are a large variety of masks belonging to the
common beardman jug. The greatest stylistic variation of these grotesque visages is in the execution of the mouth. The masks have, therefore, been classified according to the shape of the mouth although there are other variables. In the author's previous report on beardman jugs from the Vergulde Draeck (Green, 1977), fourteen types of mask were noted. The Baravia material is even more complex, with many more different types of masks and greater variation within the groups. The various forms will be described here and the examples illustrated in the follow- ing pages (the references to examples given in parenthesis below have the illustration number prefixed with 'No.' and refer to the illustrations on the following pages; the regis- tration number is prefixed with 'BAT').
The execution of the mouth, together with the vari- ationsofthemoustache,form thebasisoftheclassification scheme. These forms include: horizontal ladder (Nos 1-4); horizontal dots (No. 5); curved ladder (Nos 6-12); seg- ment-shaped (Nos 13-23); segment-shaped with fangs (No. 24); hour-glass (Nos 25-33); open hour-glass (Nos 34-41): two plain pads with point in centre (Nos 42-45); two plain pads with fangs (Nos 46-47); two dotted or flower pads (Nos 48-61); two small pads with teeth and cross inciTcle (No. 62); three pads plain (Nos 63-68); three pads small U-shaped (No. 69); 'smiling' or fish-mouth (Nos 70-71).
The beard has six forms (a single example is given in parenthesis): pabnettes, comprising a number of vertical palmettes or leaf-shaped blades usually with a central line runrling down the middle resembling a vein (No. 3 BAT 2214); pabnettes and lines, as above but with a line betweeneachpalmette(No. 29BAT2568);linear,con- sistingofaseriesofverticallinescurvedoutwardoneither side of the centre line (No. 36 BAT 21575); curly and naturalistic, comprising a series of curly segments and usually belonging to the larger and better executed jugs (No. 6 BAT 5380): curly and forked, similar to the previous type but less ornate and less curly with a more inward forked appearance (No. 17 B A T 2527); three-part, consisting ofa central wedge-shaped section of horizontal lines, flanked by curly sections on each side (No. 55 BA T 2(081).
The form of the eye is generally a dot flanked laterally by crescents representing an iris ('I) and enclosed longitu- dinally by two crescents representing the eyelids. This is the basic form of the eye which can be classified under 13 sub-types depending on other features of the eye. For the sake of convenience in the description, the first feature above the eyelid, which could be described as the eye-
lashes, will be given flfS!, and the feature above this, the stylized eyebrows, will be given second. The types are given with a single example in parenthesis and are as follows: nothing above (No. 6 BAT 5380); ladder and tear-drop (No. 43 BA T2138-2141); ladder.nd dog-tooth (No. 7 B A T 2530); ladder and three inverted crescents (No.47 BA T21581); ladder across both eyes nothing (No. 2 B A T 2182); tear-drop and dog-tooth (No. 46 B A T 538C); dog-tooth and dog-tooth (No. 68 BA T2110); dog- tooth and line (No. 70 BAT 2997-2956); dog-tooth and nothing (No. 8 BAT 538-2271); dog-tooth across both eyes (No. 5 BA T20472); dots across both eyes and nothing (No. 19 BA T603B); curly naturalistic and nothing (No. I I B A T 21523); semi-circular lozenges and three inverted crescents (No. 40 BA T 21573).
These masks offer some interesting comparisons with the masks recovered from the Vergulde Draeck. The Baravia and the Vergulde Draeck sites have produced one of the largest, accurately datable collections of 17th- century beardrnanjugs and, for this reason,the majority of the Baravia masks have been illustrated.
MedaUions
The Baravia medallions are also more complex and
varied than the Vergulde Draeck material, and may be divided into the following groups: Arms of the City of Amslerdam with lion supporters (Nos 1-21); Arms of the City of Amslerdam without lion supporters (Nos 22-30); Arms ofthe Province ofGelderland (Nos 31-33); Arms of the Province ofHoUand (Nos 34-35); the Duchy oflillich- Cleve-Berg with variations (Nos 37-63); Arms of the City of K1iIn (Nos 66-68); the Holy Roman Empire (Nos 69-71); Arms of the House of Tudor (No. 72); unknown heraldic (Nos 73-80); a bend charged with three roses (Nos 81-83); pale bendy (Nos 84-85); box-cross-com- rose (Nos 86-89); other box-cross types (Nos 9(}-92); rose-triangle-rose (Nos 93-96); rosette 5-odd-5 (Nos 97-104); roseue 4-odd-4 with a cross (No. 105); rosette 5-even-5 (Nos 106-112); rosette 5-even-10 (No. 113); roselle5-!(}-10 (Nos 114-120); rosette 5-10-1(}-1O (Nos
121-125); miscellaneous (Nos 126-132).
There were several differences between the Baravia
and Vergulde Draeck material. In particular, the rose-crowrr-hean and several type of rosette medallions which were common on the Vergulde Draeck, were not found on the Baravia. Conversely, the large variety of heraldic medallions found on theBaravia were not found on the Vergulde Draeck. It seems that some of the Baravia medallions were bener executed than the Vergulde Draeck medallions, although the majority were of about the same quality .