Page 148 - Manual for Activities directed at the Underwater Cultural Heritage

Numerous incidents can be incurred during an archaeological project. Appropriate planning needs to facilitate appropriate action when they happen. Contingency plans (also referred to as back-up plans, worst-case scenarios or plan B) are emergency strategies devised beforehand to explore and prepare for any eventuality, thus addressing risks, accidents and incidents that might occur. They are required to help projects to survive serious incidents and recover in minimum time with minimum cost. They consist of strategies and a plan of appropriate actions to deal with specific deviations from the original plan, which was based on assumptions at the start of the project.
In fact, archaeological projects that include exca- vations are always based on ranges of assumptions. After all, they pursue research into the unknown. However, as in any science, the operations can still be planned in a controllable way, by making sure that one proceeds step-by-step and that from the very outset one allows for several scenarios. A find layer may contain material that calls for a specialist's attention. Documentation may be more demanding if features are hard to interpret. The site may continue deeper than foreseen. These, however, are the normal aspects of an archaeological operation, and if one part turns out to be more time-consuming than expected, another part may take less time. Also, the project design may prioritize certain activities, with others remaining optional.
A special consideration for on-water and underwater activities in archaeology, is their extreme dependence on adequate and well-functioning equipment, and on even marginal changes in the environment. Sea state, weather, extreme tides, shifting current patterns and shifting sands are what determine progress. Furthermore, changes in underwater visibility will obviously affect documentation by visual or photographic means. All these can be planned for to a certain extent. After all, preliminary study will show what kind of weather pattern one can expect according to the time of year. Specific actions within the project will be more dependent on dead calm than others, although all will profit from it. If conditions
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Funding