Page 23 - Manual for Activities directed at the Underwater Cultural Heritage

Excavation is not only the most characteristic activity of an archaeologist in the popular image, but it is also the most drastic activity directed at cultural heritage that an archaeologist can undertake. If given careful consideration, and if embedded in the context of wider research and research questions, excavation can be a very creative process, producing new knowledge on past societies, or shedding new light on specific aspects of the past. At the same time, however, it is also destructive. While carefully documenting and combining evidence as recognized, it also destroys the coherence and context of a site. Although excavation can make the heritage more accessible, it also compromises to a greater or lesser extent the site’s authenticity, the quality that is most respected in experiencing and enjoying a place, in identifying with it, or in terms of commemoration. Excavation cannot do without research. And yet, even a research excavation misses the evidence that fails to be recognized for its significance by the excavator. Consequently, excavation must be embedded in a wider context of research questions with which the team is fully familiar. An ill-considered excavation can neither be undone nor can its results be amended once the original evidence is destroyed.
Scope of intervention
Moreover, heritage sites are not an inexhaustible resource. Archaeological remains are limited, and as research develops, it is important to carefully consider
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 © BAR / FPAN. Bronze
plaque marking the Half Moon Underwater Archaeological Preserve, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
In 1987 Florida began to develop a statewide system of underwater parks featuring shipwrecks and other historic sites.The shipwreck preserves have become popular attractions for skin and scuba diving visitors to witness a part of Florida's history first-hand.They contain not only interesting archaeological features, but also
an abundance of marine life that make the parks living museums in the sea. Each site is interpreted by an underwater plaque. A brochure and laminated underwater guides are available from local dive shops.The parks are open to
the public all year round, free of charge.There are eleven parks at present, and several others under development.A virtual experience on these sites is offered at www.museumsinthesea.com, where visitors can access underwater video footage of the wreck and the marine life, as well as a video about the history of the vessel.
General Principles