Page 213 - Libro 2

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Special Considerations in Evaluating Nonatherosclerotic Arterial Pathology
Patrick A. Washko and S. Wayne Smith
OBJECTIVES
KEY TERMS
aneurysm | arteriovenous fistula | arteritis | Buerger’s disease | iatrogenic | popliteal entrapment | pseudoaneurysm | Takayasu’s arteritis | traumatic
GLOSSARY
aneurysm a dilation of an artery wall involving all three layers of the vessel wall
arteriovenous fistula an abnormal communica- tion between an artery and vein that can be the result of iatrogenic injury, trauma, or may be congenitally acquired
Buerger’s disease a type of vascular arteritis also known as thromboangiitis obliterans; it affects small- and medium-sized arteries
embolism an obstruction or occlusion of a
blood vessel by a transported clot of blood, mass, bacteria, or other foreign substance
Nonatherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease is rel- atively uncommon. In approximately 90% of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), the etiology is atherosclerosis. Nonatherosclerotic arterial pathology is often recognized by a detailed history that demon- strates the absence of any risk factors for atheroscle- rotic disease. Some of these typical atherosclerotic risk factors include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Nonatherosclerotic arterial disease is
giant cell arteritis a type of vascular arteritis, also known as temporal arteritis, which is associated with the superficial temporal artery and other arteries of the head and neck
pseudoaneurysm an expanding hematoma;
a hole in the arterial wall that allows blood to leave the vessel and collect in the surrounding tissue
Takayasu’s arteritis a type of vascular arteritis that affects the aortic arch and its large branches
vascular arteritis an inflammatory disease that affects the blood vessels
composed of many atypical diseases that may include inflammatory diseases, congenital abnormalities, and acquired diseases or injuries. Many nonatheroscle- rotic arterial diseases can be assessed and properly diagnosed with vascular laboratory imaging, physi- ologic studies, and a detailed careful history. In this chapter, we will review imaging and physiologic tests used to assess a variety of nonatherosclerotic arterial pathology.
Define the clinical presentation of nonatherosclerotic arterial disease
List the most common nonatherosclerotic arterial diseases
Identify the ultrasound presentation of nonatherosclerotic disease
Describe the most common cardiac pathologies associated with cardioembolic events
Explain the importance of clinical history before performing the arterial examination
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