Page 57 - Australian Defence Magazine November 2019

Fuze (PGK CCF) which screws into the nose of a 155mm projectile and utilises a GPS guidance package and control surfaces to achieve a 50-metre CEP.
In late 2015 Australia began receiving the first of 4002 PGK CCFs it had requested two years earlier to enhance its inventory of M795 155mm rounds. The M795 is the US Army and US Marine Corps’ standard 155mm high explosive projectile for howit- zers, holding a 10.8kg bursting charge and achieving a range of up to 22.5 km when firedfromtheM777A2.
Presumably to cover ongoing require- ments prior to Assegai qualification, one month after signature of the Land 17 Pha- se1C.2 contract, Defence sought US ap- proval to buy 2,504 M795 high explosive, il- lumination, and white phosphorous rounds along with fuzes and propelling charges at an estimated cost of US$148 million.
History
FirstdeliveriestotheADFof35M777A2s to replace its 155mm M198 medium guns and 105mm L119 Hamel light guns began in mid 2010. Following cancellation of the self-propelled howitzer requirement under Land 17 (recently revived), an additional 19 M777As were ordered in October 2012 with final delivery made in early 2017.
Ofthe54gunfleet,the1stRegimentRoy- al Australian Artillery (RAR) in Brisbane; the 4th Regiment RAR in Townsville, and the 8th/12th Regiment RAR in Darwin/ Adelaide have each been issued with 12.
A further 10 are located at the School of Artillery at Puckapunyal, and eight are spread among various maintenance, in- structional and proofing establishments.
Each regiment deploys three artillery bat- teries, each consisting of four M777A2s.
Each battery consists of a gun line (the guns, Troops Command Post and sup- porting elements); a Joint Fires and Effects Coordination Centre (JFECC); and three JointFiresTeams(JFT).
On exercises and operations, the JFECC andJFTsgenerallyattachtoamanoeuvreunit to provide fire support and targeting, whereas the gun line operates as a distinct entity.
Gun lines typically deploy as four-gun groups. However they can also operate as two-gun sections or single guns (‘pistol’ guns) depending on the mission profile re- quired in the operational context.
Managing sustainment
The number of ‘equivalent full charges’ fired from each M777A2 is recorded throughout the life of the weapon. In addition to this, barrel wear measurements are included in technical inspections.
Chroming of barrels, suggested as a means of mitigating residue developed under specific firing conditions and sig- nificantly extending barrel life, is currently undergoing engineering review by the US, Defence confirms.
Work beyond routine maintenance that can’t be conducted at unit level is completed by Joint Logistics Units. Certain repairs require the damaged components to be re- turned to the US due to the requirement for niche equipment and tools.
Most components of the M777A2 are made of titanium alloy, although some structural components are constructed of aluminium and the gun barrel is made of steel. Total weight is 4,535kg, 41 per cent
lighter than the M198 medium howitzer it replaced in ADF service.
The M777A2 is towed from its muzzle by a protected Rheinmetall MAN HX77 8x8 heavy tactical truck with a towing hitch modi- fication.Thetowingvehiclealsocarriesthegun detachment’sstoresandfirst-lineammunition.
Spare ammunition for the battery is car- ried on a standard HX77 and trailer while the gun detachment is transported in a Bush- master troop carrier. The gun is air-transport- able by the RAAF’s C-17A Globemaster and C-130JHerculestransports,aswellasArmy’s CH-47FChinookheavy-lifthelicopters.
According to gun designer BAE Systems, the M198 took 15 minutes to come into ac- tion,carryoutafiveroundfiremissionand then be taken out of action. The M777A2 can complete the same mission in five min- utes, given its maximum rate of fire of five rounds per minute and a sustained rate of fire of two rounds per minute.
Nevertheless the M777A2 lacks the pro- pulsion-capableauxiliarypowerunitfound on some other modern towed howitzers and must be manhandled into position. Traverse, elevation and ramming are con- ducted manually and ignition of propellant is achieved via an M82 percussion primer rather than by a laser ignition system.
Despite the advent of the Excalibur and other extended range projectiles, the push towards 155mm 52 calibre howitzers firing equivalent ammunition could see the 39 cal- ibre M777A2 in danger of being outranged.
Without air support, outranged artillery can be suppressed by longer-range enemy shelling, allowing shorter-range enemy ar- tillery to operate without fear of counter- battery fire.
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DEFENCE WEEK PREMIUM EDITION
AustralianArmyofficertraineesconductapatrolduringtheRoyalMilitaryCollegetrainingactivitynearTownsville,Queensland. DEFENCE
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