Page 11 - Pocket Guide to Gender Equality under the UNFCCC

choosing, using, and disposing domestic goods and appliances, with impacts on the energy effciency and consumption levels of households. A 2016 report by the Global Gender and Climate Alliance, Gender and Climate Change: A Closer Look at Existing Evidence, contains hundreds of examples of how gender roles intersect with climate impacts, as well as the outcomes of projects that proactively address gender issues, including the following:n Only 12% of federal environment ministries globally are headed by women, as of 2015.1 n At the World Energy Council, each National Member Committee has a chair and a secretary to represent national interests. The Environment and Gender Index study of 92 national committees found that only 4% of chairs and 18% of secretaries are female, or put differently, 96% of the leading voices on national energy needs are men.2 n Women on average make up 43% of the agricultural labour force in developing countries, and around 50% in sub-Saharan Africa. However, as of 2010, only 15% of land in sub-Saharan Africa is owned or managed by women.3 Rates are generally worse in Asia – only 13% of landholders in India are women, dropping to 11% in the Philippines and 9% in Indonesia.4 n In Burkina Faso, rainfall variability is signifcantly associated with migration, particularly for men, who are likely to move from areas with poor rainfall to other rural areas that are wetter.5 n An electrifcation project in Laos that adopted gender-mainstreaming practices increased the number of female headed households electrifed by 43%, nearly twice the rate of increase as compared to other households.6 n One of the most comprehensive and widely cited articles