Page 36 - Designing for Zero Carbon-Volume 2_Case Studies of All-Electric Multifamily Residential Buildings

CASE STUDY NO. 1
IVY SENIOR APARTMENTS
Solar Photovoltaic System Performance (2021 - 2022)
Solar Photovoltaic System Performance (2021-2022)
30,000 28,000 26,000 24,000 22,000 20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000
8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000
Energy Use (Base Building)
Energy Production (PV System)
0
2021 2022
Apr May Jun
Jul Aug Sep
Oct Nov
Dec Jan Feb Mar
kWh
22
Designing for Zero Carbon: Volume 2
Post-Occupancy: Observations and Conclusions
Post-Occupancy: Lessons for Future Affordable Housing Projects
Wakeland expressed great satisfaction with the all-electric nature of this project, particularly for those serving low-income seniors. All of the company’s future projects will be all-electric as a result. The project proved to be cost-effective in terms of both first costs and operation/main- tenance costs, both of which must be considered together since Wakeland also manages the completed project.
Post-Occupancy: Future Planning (Battery Storage and EV Charging)
No accommmodation was made for the future installation of an array of batteries for electric load management or resiliency in case of power outages. Rate structures where peak load rates are significantly higher than off-peak rates will likely have a significant impact on operating cost, par- ticularly in all-electric projects. Planning for such load management capability seems advisable for future projects.
Electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid eletric vehicles (PHEVs) will be the only new automo- biles sold in California in 2035 by legal mandate.9 In anticipation of this, Wakeland did install the infrastructure for car-charging stations in the staff and visitor parking lot.
Post-Occupancy: Embodied Carbon Assessment
As noted above, an embodied carbon analysis was not undertaken because adequate analytical tools were not available at the time this project was designed (2018). Future projects may con- sider alternative structural systems that minimize the embodied carbon, such as mass timber, to determine the cost effectiveness of that possible option.
9 Executive Order N-79-20 and California Air Resources Board (CARB) 2022 Advanced Clean Cars II Rule.