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d = density
Density
d = mV m = mass
V = volume
number of moles = given mass gram-formula mass
Mole Calculations
Percent Error % error = accepted value × 100
Molarity
measured value – accepted value
(Measuring Concentration)
Percent Composition % composition by mass = mass of part × 100 mass of whole
parts per million = mass of solute × 1 000 000 mass of solution
Just plug in the values to find your answer.
T = temperature
You can change mL to L by moving the decimal point 3 places to the left.
2000 mL = 2 L MA = molarity of H+ MB = molarity of OH– Titration2.IfthesolutemeasMureVmen=tMiseVxpressedingrams,youmustchangeittomoles(through
Concentration
Reffy, Table T (p. 12) shows the molarity formula.
molarity =
moles of solute
liter of solution
Rules:
1. If the solution is expressed in milliliters (mL), you must change
P1V1 P2V2 P = pressure CombinediGttaoslLitearws(L). T = T V=volume
12
AA BB
VA = volume of acid VB = volume of base 3. If you dilute the solution, the amount of solute stays the same, but the solution changes.
mole calculations, Table T).
q = mC∆T q = heat Hf = heat of fusion There are many Regents questions based on this topic.
Heat q = mHf q = mHv
K = °C + 273
m = mass Hv = heat of vaporization
C = specific heat capacity ∆T = change in temperature
K = kelvin
°C = degree Celsius
Temperature
UNIT 7: SOLUTIONS / SOLUBILITY © 286
