Page 333 - Chemistry eBook

Acids Reacting With Metals
Heats of Reaction at 101.3 kPa and 298 K
Reaction ∆H (kJ)*
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(􏰀) –890.4
2C8H18(􏰀) + 25O2(g) 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(􏰀) –10943 Reffy,TableJ(p.5)showstheacHtiviotynotfeleamblen.ts.
• Acids will react with metals above2CH3OH(􏰀) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(􏰀) –1452 C2H5OH(􏰀) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(􏰀) –1367
• H gas is also called HYDROGEN GAS
2Cl + Ca CaCl + H 22
STA
2
2
2
Because Ca is higher than H on Table J, it’s stronger
2
and will pull the Cl away from the H and release free
hydrogen gas.
2C(s) + 2H2(g) C2H4(g) 2C(s) + H2(g) C2H2(g) H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)
)+
2CO(g) + O2(g) 2CO2(g)
g)
C(s) + O (g) CO (g)
6C
(g)
6H
6O (
4Al(s) + 3O (g) 2Al O (s) 223
N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g)
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g)
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(􏰀)
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
2C(s) + 3H (g) C H (g) 226
KNO3(s) H2O NaOH(s) H2O NH4Cl(s) H2O
K+(aq) + NO3–(aq) Na+(aq) + OH–(aq) NH4+(aq) + Cl–(aq)
NH4NO3(s) NaCl(s) H2O LiBr(s) H2O
H2O NH4+(aq) + NO3–(aq) Na+(aq) + Cl–(aq)
Li+(aq) + Br–(aq)
Table I
C H (g) + 5O (g) 3CO (g) + 4H O(􏰀) –2219.2 38222
he t
C
612262 22
H O(s
O
+
O(􏰀) –2804 –566.0
NDARD.
–393.5 –3351 +182.6 +66.4 –483.6 –571.6 –91.8 –84.0 +52.4 +227.4 +53.0 +34.89 –44.51 +14.78 +25.69 +3.88 –48.83 H+(aq) + OH–(aq) H2O(􏰀) –55.8
*The ∆H values are based on molar quantities represented in the equations. A minus sign indicates an exothermic reaction.
N2(g) + 2O2(g) 2NO2(g)
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry – 2011 Edition 5
Most Active
Most Active
Metals
Table J
Activity Series**
Li Rb K Cs Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Ti Mn Zn Cr Fe Co Ni Sn Pb H2 Cu Ag Au
Least Active
Least Active
**Activity Series is based on the hydrogen standard. H2 is not a metal.
Nonmetals
F2 Cl2 Br2 I2
UNIT 9: ACIDS AND BASES © 332