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Hydrocarbons
Table O
Hydrocarbons are divided into HOMOLOGOUS SERIES: groups of related compounds.
•
• Table Q also shows the general formula and an example (name and structural formula) (saturated)
Alkanes have only single carbon bonds. Alkenes
have a double carbon bond, and alkynes have a triple carbon bond. (unsaturated)
Reffy, Table Q (p. 7) shows the different homologous series: alkane.s, alkenes, and alkynes.
Each member within a group has a different number of carbon atoms he
unit called an increment, which in this case is CH2.
Symbols Used in Nuclear Chemistry
Name
alpha particle beta particle gamma radiation neutron
proton positron
Notation
Symbol
eth- 2
prop- 3 but- 4
42He or 42α α
0 e –1
or 0 β β– –1
0γ
01n
γ
n
HYDROCARBON: Compound that contains carbons and hydrogen only
Prefix Number of Carbon Atoms
O
Table P
rganic Prefixes
meth- 1
1H or 1p p
0 e or 0 β β+
+1 +1
Methane is CH , ethane is C H . They differ by a 4 26
pent- 5
x- 6 hept- 7 oct- 8 non- 9 dec- 10
Homologous Series of Hydrocarbons
Table Q
Name
General
Formula
Examples
Name
Structural Formula
alkanes
CnH2n+2
ethane
HH HCCH HH
alkenes alkynes
CnH2n CnH2n–2
ethene ethyne
HH CC HH HCCH
There are many Regents questions based on this Reffy.
Note: n = number of carbon atoms
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry – 2011 Edition 7
UNIT 11: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY © 406
