Page 55 - Chemistry eBook

Ground State vs. Excited State
1
1
1 Group 2
• GROUND STATE: The lowest energy state of an atom
12.011
C
2-4
34567
Elements is always the ground state.)
1.00794 +1 H –1
Periodic T KEY
Atomic Mass 1 Symbol
Atomic Number the next layer. (The electron configuration on the Periodic Table of the Electron Configuration
6
6.941 +1 9.01218 +2
Electrons fill up each shell to the maximum before they start filling up
2
Li Be
34
2-1 22.98977
2-2 +1
Each layer is filled to its max before the electrons
start jumping to the next
layer. 2-8-1 39.0983
3
Na
Group
11
+2 44.9559 +3 47.867 +2 50.9415 +2 K Ca Sc Ti+3 V+3
+1 40.08
• EXCITED STATE: The atom is in a high state of energy +4 +4
55.845
2-8-13-1 2-8-13-2 2-8-14 95.94 +6 (98) +4 101.07
4
+5 +3
Cr+3 Mn+3 +6 +4
When an electron absorbs energy, it can join a higher level
6
7
+7 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re+6
24.305 +2
12
Mg
2-8-2
19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26
2-8-8-1 2-8-8-2 2-8-9-2 2-8-10-2 2-8-11-2 85.4678 +1 87.62 +2 88.9059 +3 91.224 +4 92.9064
+7 Mo Tc+6
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb+5 jumped to the third layer before filling up the second layer.
2-8-18-8-1 2-8-18-8-2 2-8-18-9-2 2-8-18-10-2 2-8-18-12-1 2-8-18-13-1 2-8-18-13-2 2-8-18 132.905 +1 137.33 +2 138.9055 +3 178.49 +4 180.948 +5 183.84 +6 186.207 +4 190.23
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76
2-8-18-18-8-1 2-8-18-18-8-2 2-8-18-18-9-2 *18-32-10-2 -18-32-11-2 -18-32-12-2 -18-32-13-2 -18-32 (223) +1 (226) +2 (227) +3 (261) +4 (262) (266) (272) (277)
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108
-18-32-18-8-1 -18-32-18-8-2 -18-32-18-9-2
51.996 +2 54.9380
+2
+7
The electron configuration of Mg in its excited state is 2-7-3. The electrons
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
able
Selected
Relative on 12C =
Note: N are mas stable or
89
+2 e+3
-2
+3
–4 +2 +4
+3
2-8-18-16-1 192.217
58.9332
Co 27
2-8-15-2 102.906
u Rh
-15-1 s+4
-14-2
45
77
Ir
-18-32-15-2 (276)
s Mt 109
F R
O H
u s
+ +
+
+ +
o
P eriod
UNIT 2: ATOMIC STRUCTURE © 55
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry – 2011 Edition