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Considering these studies，we deduce that C1pP may be induced in nutrient rich flow conditions.
ForconcerningP aeruginosaPA01biofilms，PurevdOljBeta.l(21)andStod1eyetal.(28) reportedth，剖 underconditionsof10w-shear1aminarflow，thebiofi1mconsistedofa mono1ayer ofcels with mound-shaped circu1ar microco1onies but under high-shear， turbu1ent f10w conditions，the biofi1m formed fi1amentous streamers. Their biofi1m simu1atorhastwoglas stubeflowcel ls，20cm10ngand3m minwidthandheight.Thef10w ve10citywasmaintainedat3.3cm/s(Re=10)inonef10wcelfor1aminarflowandat1.0 m/s(Re=3000)intheotherflowcelforturbu1entflowat370C.
Inourexperiments，L.pneumophilabiofilms，theaveragef10wve10cityinthechane1 is0.64cm/secandtheReyno1dsnumbersare108for1aminarf10wcondition.Thesimi1ar mound-shapedcircu1armicroco1oniesofL.pneumophilabiofi1mswereobservedat370C. Forfastfluidf1ow，thehydrodynamicana1ysispredictedthatareab10ckedbytheadhering organismatasubstratumsurfacemodifシtheco1onyshapeformcircu1artoova1-shaped(29) Futuresstudiesfortheefectofsharestresonbiofilmformationarearequired.
Insummary，wehaveinitiatedstudiesontheformationofL.pneumophilabiofi1m， faci1itatedbytherecentdeve10pmentofa1iquidflowbiofilmsimu1ator.A1thoughthis mode1 does not ref1ect the comp1exity found in natura1 environmenta1 biofi1ms， monospeciesbiofi1mswerethe五1叫 steptowardsunderstandingthesesi1e1ifesty1eforL.
pneumophila.OurresultsonbiofilmformationofL.p刀eμωmηiOphilαa戸pr刀ovidethebasisfo印ra beterunde白r叫 andi凶ngofthesesi1emodeof1ifeofL.pneumophila.Gainingknow1edge aboutmechanismsreg叫uIl瓜atingbiof印i日1mfo印rm抗ationcanpotentialy1eadtωobet壮te白rstrategiesf印or. the戸pl
exp10rethecomp1exinteractionsbetweentemperatureandbiof印i日1mformation. Acknowledgements
This research was sponsored in part by a grant-in-aid (No.15500337 and No. 1750324)forScienceResearchfromtheMinistryofEducation，Science，andCu1tureof Japan. The authors wou1d like to thank to Ms. Kimiko Wakamatsu for as sistance with manuscnptpreparatlOn.
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