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1 “Fraud-The Facts 2021,” UK Finance, https://www.ukfinance.org.uk/system/ files/Fraud%20The%20Facts%202021-%20FINAL.pdf
2 Rob McLean, “A hacker gained access to 100 million Capital One credit card applications and accounts,” CNN Business, July 30, 2019, https://edition.cnn. com/2019/07/29/business/capital-one-data-breach/index.html
3 Ibid.
4 The Economist, “What does a cashless future mean?” YouTube, 5:21, August 23, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0ph-pvCSPc
5 “FCA confirms the increase in thresholds for contactless payments,” Financial Conduct Authority, March 3, 2021, https://www.fca.org.uk/news/press- releases/fca-confirms-increase-thresholds-contactless-payments
6 “About us,” DigitalEurope, https://www.digitaleurope.org/about-us/
7 “Raising Contactless Thresholds in response to COVID-19” DigitalEurope, April 24, 2020, https://www.digitaleurope.org/resources/raising-contactless- thresholds-in-response-to-covid-19/
8 Ruth Goodwin-Groen, “Putting Digital Payments to Work in the Time of COVID-19,” Better Than Cash Alliance, March 31, 2020, https://www. betterthancash.org/news/putting-digital-payments-to-work-in-the- time-of-covid-19
9 Shilpa Arora and Sandra Saadi, “CBDCs: The Time Has Come” ACAMS Today, March 30, 2021, https://www.acamstoday.org/cbdcs-the-time-has-come/
10 Piotr Filipiak, “COVID-19: the viral spread of cashless society?” Financial Times, https://www.ft.com/partnercontent/comarch/covid-19-the-viral-spread-of- cashless-society.html
11 Maddy Savage, “Why Sweden is close to becoming a cashless economy,” BBC, September 12, 2017, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-41095004
12 Morgan Meaker, “Sweden’s cashless society dream isn’t all it’s cracked up to be,” WIRED, June 4, 2020, https://www.wired.co.uk/article/sweden- cashless-society
13 Ibid.
14 “About Swish,” Swish, https://www.swish.nu/about-swish
15 Ibid.
16 “Are payments in Sweden secure?” Sveriges Riksbank, october 29, 2020, https://www.riksbank.se/en-gb/payments--cash/payments-in-sweden/ payments-in-sweden-2020/2.-swedish-payments-are-secure-and- efficient/are-payments-in-sweden-secure/swish-fraud-occurs/
17 Ibid.
18 “Top countries moving towards a cashless society by 2022, revealed by GlobalData,” GlobalData, January 13, 2020, https://www.globaldata.com/ top-countries-moving-towards-a-cashless-society-by-2022
19 “DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/849 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 May 2015 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing, amending
Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Directive 2005/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Directive 2006/70/EC,” Official Journal of the European Union, June 5, 2015, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32015L0849&rid=2
20 “Cash payment limitations,” European Consumer Centre France, December 15, 2020, https://www.europe-consommateurs.eu/en/shopping-internet/ cash-payment-limitations.html#:~:text=Germany,to%20show%20their%20 ID%20card.
21 “7 Countries Where Cash is Still King,” Withdraw Cash Wednesday, March 3, 2020, https://www.atmia.com/cash-blog/7-countries-where-cash-isstill- king/12130/
22 Ibid.
23 “Cash transactions continue to grow in India – Here’s why,” Financial Express, October 22, 2020, https://www.financialexpress.com/money/ cash-transactions-continue-to-grow-in-india-heres-how/2111515/
24 “COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION on an Action Plan for a comprehensive Union policy on preventing money laundering and terrorist financing,” European Commission, May 7, 2020, https://www.politico.eu/ wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Communication-on-Action-Plan.pdf
25 Gabriel Vedrenne, “Europe’s Latest AML Target: Large Cash Payments,” ACAMS moneylaundering.com, February 12, 2021, https://www. moneylaundering.com/news/europes-latest-aml-target-large- cash-payments/
26 Cécile Remeur, “Understanding money laundering through real estate transactions,” European Parliament, February 2019, https://www.europarl. europa.eu/cmsdata/161094/7%20-%2001%20EPRS_Understanding%20 money%20laundering%20through%20real%20estate%20transactions.pdf
27 “Fraud-The Facts 2021,” UK Finance, https://www.ukfinance.org.uk/system/ files/Fraud%20The%20Facts%202021-%20FINAL.pdf
28 Ibid.
29 Rosamond Hutt, “These are the pitfalls of a cash-free society,” World Economic Forum, May 2, 2019, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/05/ in-a-cashless-society-vulnerable-citizens-may-end-up-paying-the-highest- price/
30 The Economist, “What does a cashless future mean?” YouTube, 5:21, August 23, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0ph-pvCSPc
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