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ART. 13(1) THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA 29
Constitution. (Board of Control for Cricket in India v Cricket Association of Bihar, AIR 2015 SC 3194 : (2015)3 SCC 251).
SRM University Madras - a “Deemed University”, is “authority” within the meaning of Article 12. (Janet Jeyapaul v SRM University, AIR 2016 SC 73 : (2015)16 SCC 530).
A Statutory body is a ‘State’ within the meaning of Article 12. (Punjab Water Supply and Sewerage Board v Ranjodh Singh, AIR 2007 SC 1082 : (2007)2 SCC 491).
State Council of Education, Research and Training (SCERT) is not State. (Lt. Governor of Delhi v V.K. Sodhi, AIR 2007 SC 2885 : 2007 AIR SCW 5268).
Army College of Medical Science is neither State nor private aided educational institution. (Indian Medical Association v Union of India, AIR 2011 SC 2365 : (2011)7 SCC 179).
Tests to attract Article 12 — See: Ajay Hasia v Khalid Mujib Sehravardi and Others, AIR 1981 SC 487 : (1981)1 SCC 722.
Som Prakash Rekhi v Union of India and Another, AIR 1981 SC 212 : (1981)1 SCC 449.
Sukhdev Singh and Others v Bhagatram Surdar Singh Raghuvanshi and Another, AIR 1975 SC 1331 : (1975)1 SCC 421.
Ramana Dayaram Shetty v International Airport Authority of India and Others, AIR 1979 SC 1628 : (1979)3 SCC 489.
P.K. Ramachandra Iyer and Others v Union of India and Others, AIR 1984 SC 541 : (1984)2 SCC 141.
Sabhajit Tewary v Union of India and Others, AIR 1975 SC 1329 : (1975)1 SCC 485.
State of Punjab and Others v Raja Ram and Others, AIR 1981 SC 1694 : (1981)2 SCC 66.
Oil and Natural Gas Commission and Another v The Association of Natural Gas Consuming Industries of Gujarat and Others, AIR 1990 SC 1851 : 1990 Supp. SCC 397.
Tata Memorial Hospital Workers Union v Tata Memorial Centre and Another, AIR 2010 SC 2943 : (2010)8 SCC 480.
BCCI does not answer the test of instrumentality of the State — A.C. Muthiah v Board of Control for Cricket in India and Another, (2011)6 SCC 617 : 2011 AIR SCW 3770.
Other Authorities — Smt. Ujjam Bai v State of Uttar Pradesh and Another, AIR 1962 SC 1621 : (1963)1 SCR 778.
Meaning of Authority — Basheshar Nath v Commissioner of Income Tax, Delhi and Rajasthan and Another, AIR 1959 SC 149 : (1959)35 ITR 190 (SC).
Union of India and Others v R.C. Jain and Others, AIR 1981 SC 951 : (1981)2 SCC 308.
13. Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.—(1) All laws in force in the Territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, insofar as they are
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